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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

Tis’ the season to light up the night.In a downtown Denver high-rise apartment building, people are letting their Christmas spirit shine by decorating their balconies.“At least we can light it up and make people smile,” said resident Kim Dozier.Out West in Southern California, an Orange County neighborhood is celebrating the holidays by covering their houses and stringing lights across their street.“We see kids and families coming out here every night,” said homeowner Bruce Barfell.Across the country in New Jersey, the holiday spirit glows as people cover their houses with festive décor.And in San Antonio, Texas, there’s a battle to see who’s the biggest and brightest.These are some of the competitive Christmas lighting celebrations happening during this holiday season.“It’s a light beaming from all of us,” Dozier said of her building’s competition, adding it’s bringing some much-needed light to what’s been a dark 2020 for some.“It’s about showing the world we’re still alive,” she said. “Just because we have this insane time to stay at home and we’re going to have fun no matter what.”From the Mile High City to the California coast, spreading holiday cheer has been a bit more challenging during the COVID-19 crisis.“This year, unlike other years, it’s harder to kind of fill that Christmas spirit,” said Matt Eyre of Laguna Niguel.He and neighbor Barfell are looking to help people temporarily escape the pandemic through dazzling displays of lights.Though Barfell is looking to capture his neighborhood’s Christmas lighting competition for the tenth year in a row, he says whether win or lose, naughty or nice, it’s good to see little holiday magic.“We just do it for the enjoyment we get and also for what, you know, what people tell us when we’re outside,” Barfell said. “How much they appreciate this.”Spreading Christmas cheer through some friendly competition.“Competitive Christmas e lights is just another way to shine the love around everywhere,” Dozier said. “We’ve been held down for so many reasons for so long. So, Christmas, just lets you know just let it shine.” 2103

This year has been … wild. As many of us look ahead to 2021, it’s probably with a mix of hopefulness and optimism.The Pantone Color Institute, the color authority in the design industry, has revealed that the Color of the Year for 2021 is actually two colors, Ultimate Gray and Illuminating Yellow.“The selection of two independent colors highlight how different elements come together to express a message of strength and hopefulness that is both enduring and uplifting, conveying the idea that it’s not about one color or one person, it’s about more than one,” said Leatrice Eiseman, Executive Director of the Pantone Color Institute, in a press release.“Practical and rock solid but at the same time warming and optimistic, this is a color combination that gives us resilience and hope. We need to feel encouraged and uplifted, this is essential to the human spirit,” Eiseman added.This is the first time a shade of gray has been selected. Next year will be the second time two colors will share the spotlight, the first time was in 2016.Pantone has been selecting a Color of the Year for the last 22 years. The selected color typically influences packaging and product development."Our goal is to engage people in a conversation around color," Laurie Pressman, vice president of the Pantone Color Institute, told CNN. "It has to be organic. It has to be truthful to what's taking place."This color combination already popped up on fashion runways this fall, and will likely be seen on more products, apparel, home furnishings and packaging.They had selected Classic Blue for 2020, as a sense of reassurance as the world moved into a new decade."In retrospect, now we look back at it and think, 'Well, that was a fortuitous choice for the year,'" Eiseman told CNN recently. 1784

Thomas Rhett accepts the entertainer of the year award in a tie with Carrie Underwood during the 55th annual Academy of Country Music Awards at the Grand Ole Opry House on Wednesday, Sept. 16, 2020, in Nashville, Tenn. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey) 251

This weekend marked the most air traffic seen in US airports since the start of the pandemic. While on the surface, it would seem that many are disregarding the advice of public health experts, but data shows many, if not most, are heeding advice set forth in recent weeks.Last week, the CDC advised Americans not to travel for Thanksgiving, and instead opt for virtual Thanksgiving gatherings, or limit celebrations to those within the same household. The guidance comes amid a record surge of COVID-19 throughout the United States, with an average of 1,400 coronavirus-related deaths per day in the US in the last week.With hospitals already reaching capacity in many states, there are fears that holiday travel will cause hospitals to go over capacity.According to TSA data 1,019,836 travelers passed through security checkpoints in US airports on Friday. While Friday was just the second day that air traffic surpassed 1 million domestically since March, the same day last year had 2.5 million travelers.On Sunday, 1.05 million travelers passed through security checkpoints, the most since March, but the same day last year had over 2.3 million passengers. The data indicates that air travel is down at least 50% in the days leading up to Thanksgiving compared to years past.While fewer travelers might mean airports are less crowded, that does not mean planes are less packed. A number of airlines have slashed the number of routes in an effort to save money. This has resulted in fewer options for passengers.As there are still many Americans disregarding guidance to stay home this Thanksgiving, some are traveling for practical reasons. Many colleges and universities are not going to have in-person classes resume after Thanksgiving in hopes of reducing the spread of the virus on campuses.Although not as many Americans are expected to travel for Thanksgiving as usual, 56% of Americans are intending on traveling according to data from Tripadvisor. Tripadvisor says that this year's figures are down from an estimated 70% of Americans traveling in 2019.Tripadvisor surveyed Americans from October 16 to 20, so it is possible increased travel restrictions associated with a rise in cases could scare off some from traveling by Thanksgiving. Many states are telling travelers to quarantine for two weeks before coming into contact with others.In an interview with the Washington Post on Monday, Dr. Anthony Fauci said that if Americans don't follow common-sense public health measures over the Thanksgiving holiday, that it could exacerbate the current spike in cases. He said that within two or three weeks, the already steep spike in cases could become even steeper."The chances are that you will see a surge superimposed on a surge," Fauci said. 2765