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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

Thomson Reuters is eliminating 12 percent of its global workforce.The media company is drastically shrinking its staff, cutting 3,200 jobs and closing 55 offices by 2020. Reuters says it will employ roughly 23,800 people — down from its current workforce of 27,000.Reuters revealed its plans for the future at its annual investor day in Toronto. The stock is up 3 percent on the news."Thomson Reuters is routinely looking at ways to run our global business operations more efficiently and effectively," a Reuters spokesman told CNN Business."This disciplined approach sometimes includes the need to make personnel, or other, changes which allow us to balance our internal resources with the needs of our customers in a highly competitive environment."The company said a "majority" of the impacted employees have been notified, but it declined to say which divisions are affected.Part of Reuters' plans includes reducing its capital expenditures by 3 percent and cutting the number of products it sells. The company sells a newswire service, financial software, images and services for the legal industry.In October, Reuters sold a majority stake of its Financial and Risk unit to the private equity firm Blackstone Group for billion. Reuters joins other media companies in recently announcing layoffs. News startup Mic, newspaper New York Daily News and magazine publishers Meredith and Hearst all have recently eliminated a combined hundreds of jobs. 1463

This is supposed to be the first week of class for many Washington state schools. But exactly when students in some districts will go to class remains a mystery.Teacher strikes in two districts have already forced the cancellation of classes on their first day of school Tuesday.Evergreen Public Schools are closed because no deal has been reached between the school district and the Evergreen Education Association over salaries.Negotiations are ongoing, and the school district said it will give parents at least 24 hours' notice before classes will begin.The Washougal School District also missed its first day of school Tuesday due to a strike by the Washougal Association of Educators.School district representatives met with union members and mediators Monday to try to reach an agreement on teacher salary increases."The district and the association have worked hard to reach an understanding but, unfortunately, we were not able to come to an agreement," district Superintendent Mary Templeton said.Four other state school districts, which are scheduled to start classes Wednesday, could have those plans derailed by strikes over salaries and benefits.Vancouver Public Schools, Longview Public Schools, Battle Ground Public Schools and the Hockinson School District all announced that negotiations are continuing with teachers and mediators.The Hockinson School District said it's hoping to start classes on time but is asking parents to have backup plans for their children, just in case. 1515

To the Black Friday victors go the spoils.Use these hacks to guarantee yourself the deals you want, whether you decide to shop from your couch or at the store. 177

This guy was spotted using his snake as a face mask on a bus into today...each to their own and all that ????Credit - Alison Jones / Swinton People pic.twitter.com/hX2F8RWYvw— mcrfinest (@McrFinest) September 15, 2020 225

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