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WASHINGTON, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Intake of high levels of folate, a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in food, may reduce colorectal cancer risk, according to a new study published Tuesday in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute. "We found that all forms and sources of folate were associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer," said lead author Victoria Stevens, of the American Cancer Society. "The strongest association was with total folate, which suggests that total folate intake is the best measure to define exposure to this nutrient because it encompasses all forms and sources."Total folate includes naturally occurring food folate and folic acid from fortified foods and dietary supplements.The research team investigated the association between folate intake and colorectal cancer among 99,523 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort; a total of 1,023 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1999 and 2007, a period entirely after folate fortification began. Neither higher nor lower risk was observed during the first two years of follow-up (1999 to 2001), while associations were statistically significantly inverse for the subsequent years (2002 to 2007). The findings of this study add to the epidemiologic evidence that high folate intake reduces colorectal cancer incidence.Folates are essential nutrients needed to make components used for functions required for normal cell growth, including DNA synthesis and repair. Because these processes are critical for cell growth and differentiation, the relationship between folate intake and cancer development has been investigated in several cancers, and most extensively in colorectal cancer.

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- The critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Mekong River numbers just 85, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) new research revealed on Wednesday.Calf survival was found to be very low, leading researchers to conclude that the small population is declining and at high risk of extinction, said the Fund's statement sent to Xinhua News Agency on Wednesday.According to Li Lifeng, Director of WWF's Freshwater Program, the research is based on photographic identification of dolphins through individually unique features of their dorsal fins. "Most of the dolphins can be identified, and we use that information to estimate the population size," he said.Although this population estimate is slightly higher than the previous estimate, the researchers were quick to note that the population had not increased over the last few years."With a larger dataset and recent analytical advances, previously unidentifiable dolphins which had few marks on their dorsal fins have been included," he added.However, surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 show the population slowly declining."Evidence is strong that very few young animals survive to adulthood, as older dolphins die off and are not replaced," he explained."Pressures of gill net entanglement and high calf mortality we are really worried for the future of dolphins," Li said.However, Touch Seang Tana, chairman of Cambodia's Commission for Conversation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco- tourism Zone, rejected the WWF's finding, saying that last year, 4 dolphins were killed by fishing nets, but up to 7 newborn dolphin babies were found.He estimated that the total population of Mekong dolphins in the north-eastern provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng is between 155 and 177 now, up from just 100 in 2006.The Mekong River Irrawaddy dolphin has been listed as critically endangered on the World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species since 2004.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 20 (Xinhua) -- Google announced on Wednesday that it has reached a deal with author J.K. Rowling to launch the series of Harry Potter ebooks on Google's platform.When the series of Harry Potter ebooks launch on Pottermore.com in early October, the bestsellers will be available in the United States via Google eBooks platform, said Google in a blog post.When customers buy a Harry Potter ebook from Pottermore.com, they will be able to choose to keep it in their Google's online library in the cloud, as well as other e-reading platforms.Google said Google eBooks can be read on most devices with a modern browser, through Google apps for iOS and Android smartphones and tablets, and on more than 80 e-readers.Meanwhile, Rowling will continue to issue announcements via YouTube, as she announced Pottermore.com in June.The two sides also agreed to make Google Checkout the preferred third-party payment platform for all purchases made on Rowling's Pottermore.com.Pottermore.com, which will be launched on July 31, will sell ebook and audiobook versions of the seven Harry Potter novels, as well as additional content including background details and settings.According to The Times, the Harry Potter brand value is estimated to be more than 15 billion U.S. dollars. The deal could make Google move some e-reader customers from competitors like Amazon, whose e-reader Kindle does not support Google eBooks.

WELLINGTON, Aug. 8 (Xinhua) -- A New Zealand study has found that people who work at least 50 hours a week can be up to three times more at risk of alcohol problems than people who work fewer hours.The study, conducted by the University of Otago, used data that followed more than 1,000 people born in Christchurch in 1977 through to age 30.Study leader Dr Sheree Gibb said it aimed to examine whether working hours were related to alcohol problems in early adulthood.Data from more than 1,000 participants at ages 25 and 30 showed a significant association between longer working hours and alcohol- related problems.Longer working hours were associated with higher levels of alcohol problems including frequent alcohol use and alcohol abuse or dependence.People who worked 50 hours or more on average a week were 1.8 to 3.3 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who were not working, and about 1.2 to 1.5 times more likely to have alcohol-related problems than those who worked 30 to 49 hours a week.The higher risk of alcohol abuse for those who worked longer hours was evident in both men and women, according to the study.Gibb said the finding could suggest a need for consideration of policies and programs targeting individuals who worked long hours, with the aim of reducing rates of alcohol-related problems.The article had been accepted for publication by the UK-based journal Addiction.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Black scientists were significantly less likely than their white counterparts to receive research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), according to an analysis of data from 2000 to 2006.University of Kansas Professor of Economics Donna Ginther was the lead author on the study commissioned by the NIH, which will appear Friday in journal Science.The researchers found a 10 percentage point gap in research funding -- even after taking into consideration demographics, education and training, employer characteristics, NIH experience and research productivity. For example, for every 100 grants submitted to NIH, 30 grants from white applicants were funded, compared to 20 grants for black applicants.Applications for NIH funding go through peer review that considers the significance, innovation and approach of grant applications, the investigator(s) and the research environment. About half of the applications are determined to be worth scoring. Among those scored, budgets and NIH Institutes priorities determine which applications are funded. Priorities can vary by year and by Institute.The study found that applications from black researchers were less likely to be scored and on average had worse scores. After controlling for the score of the grant, there were no race or ethnicity differences in funding.Applicants self-identify race, ethnicity and gender, but that information is not available during the peer review. However, biographical facts that are included in the review materials can provide clues to the identity of the applicants.The research suggests it is possible that cumulative advantage may explain the funding differences."Small differences in access to research resources and mentoring during training or at the beginning of a career may accumulate to become large between-group differences," the paper says.Additionally, the paper suggests further research is needed to determine why black researchers are less likely to be funded.NIH Director Francis Collins and Principal Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak call the findings unacceptable and commit to immediate action by the NIH."NIH commissioned this study because we want to learn more about the challenges facing the scientific community and address them head on. The results of this study are disturbing and disheartening, and we are committed to taking action," said Collins in an accompanying commentary. "The strength of the U.S. scientific enterprise depends upon our ability to recruit and retain the brightest minds, regardless of race or ethnicity. This study shows that we still have a long way to go."NIH initiated the study in 2008 to determine if researchers of different races and ethnicities with similar research records and affiliations had similar likelihoods of being awarded a new NIH research project grant.