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KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study shows that it's not simply a lack of willpower that explains weight regain but hormones keep one insisting on eating, a persistent biological urge. As any dieter knows, it's hard to keep weight off. Weight regain is a familiar problem for dieters. The research appears in Thursday's issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. To study what drives it, Proietto and his colleagues enrolled 50 overweight or obese patients in Australia in a 10-week diet program. On average, the participants lost almost 30 pounds in the 10 weeks - faster than the standard advice of losing a pound or two per week. Even so, they gained an average of 12 pounds back over the next year. The scientists checked the blood levels of nine hormones known to influence appetite - and found that even a year after the end of the weight-loss program, six of the hormones were still out of whack. People who regain weight should not be harsh on themselves, as eating is our most basic instinct, study author Joseph Proietto of the University of Melbourne in Australia said. It's better not to gain weight than to try to lose it.

BEIJING, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- Medical experts and leaders from the world's leading orthopaedic societies on Friday called for the improvement of health insurance programs and medical care for people in developing countries."Health care should reach the unreached," said Professor H.K.T. Raza, president of the Asia Pacific Orthopaedic Association (APOP), at the Sixth International Congress of Chinese Orthopaedic Association (COA), which is running from Thursday to Sunday in Beijing."If we really want to improve people's well-being, we have to make health care available to those who have difficulty accessing it. Although that will probably be a very difficult task, we should try and do it gradually," said Professor K.M. Chan from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong.Statistics from the Ministry of Health show that 1.27 billion Chinese, or 95 percent of the country's population, are covered by basic medical insurance programs.However, private medical insurance accounts for less than 2 percent of the country's health care financing, while private insurance in other countries stands at an average of 20 percent."With the increasing demand for quality health care, there will be higher demand for commercial insurance. With more private health funding in the system, we can increase the quality," Prof. Chan said.Government health care expenditures should be directed toward those who can't afford health care at all, while commercial insurance should cover the needs of those who can afford to purchase it, Prof. Chan said."We need to have different approaches combined together to revamp the current health insurance structure in China," he said."If you want to raise the quality of health care, you need to have the responsibility from the government, the individuals and the insurance system," he added.While China may need to promote its commercial health insurance, in India, the situation is different. Though many medical tourists choose India as their destination for affordable care, health insurance is uncommon in the country.While patients typically pay out of their own pockets for routine care, it is estimated that over 300 million Indians out of a population of 1.2 billion still live on less than one U.S. dollar per day.

WELLINGTON, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand's geothermal scientists will be collaborating with the world's leading geothermal researchers after the country joins an elite international group next month.New Zealand would be admitted to the International Partnership for Geothermal Technology (IPGT) in Melbourne, Australia, on Nov. 16, Science and Innovation Minister Wayne Mapp announced Wednesday."Geothermal energy is one of our most important renewable energy resources with huge potential for growth," said Mapp."This recognition of our geothermal research programs will allow our scientists to collaborate with an elite group of researchers in the United States, Australia, Switzerland and Iceland."Scientists from New Zealand research organizations were committed to finding new ways to harness the country's extensive geothermal fields, said Mapp."Innovation and clean energy is a big part of enabling New Zealand to grow the economy," said Mapp."This new international partnership will help keep us at the forefront of technology developments such as enhanced geothermal systems."Established in 2008, the IPGT seeks to develop advanced, cost- effective geothermal energy technologies through international research co-operation.New Zealand's geothermal electricity generation rose by 21 percent last year and accounted for 13 percent of total electricity generation, its highest recorded level.The government is aiming to expand geothermal energy with three large geothermal projects in the pipeline by 2020.The country's biggest geothermal project is to be Contact Energy's 250-megawatt Tauhara II geothermal project.The project, being developed northeast of the central North Island town of Taupo, is expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of around 270,000 homes when it becomes fully operational in 2015.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- With its popular iPhone series, Apple seized more than half of the profits generated by the top eight mobile phone manufacturers during the third quarter, said a monthly market analysis released on Friday.Apple generated a remarkable 52 percent of handset industry operating profits for the top eight OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) in the third quarter, up five percent over the same period of 2010, said Canaccord Genuity technology analyst Michael Walkley.The number was down from 57 percent in the second quarter, due to a drop in iPhone sales as customers held out for the upcoming iPhone 4S.A proud Apple customer shows off the new iPhone 4S he purchased at an Apple store in Munich, Germany.Apple's major rival in the mobile industry is Samsung. The two companies together represented 81 percent of the handset industry' s operating profits last quarter.Other major mobile phone manufacturers are Nokia, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, HTC, Research In Motion and LG.Calling it "an epic reversal of fortunes," Walkley noted that in 2007, Nokia had 67 percent of operating profits while Apple had just 4 percent. Compared with Apple's 52 percent of industry profits in the third quarter of 2011, Nokia has been relegated to its rival's former position with just 4 percent of operating profits.The analyst said he has conducted "channel checks" that show strong demand not only for the new iPhone 4S but also for the previous models of iPhone 4 and iPhone 3GS. He told technology news website AllthingsD that Apple is believed to be able to gain further value share in the December quarter and capture over 60 percent of industry profits.In a Bloomberg report on Friday, several technology analysts said the two-year-old iPhone 3GS, whose price has been slashed to zero if it is purchased with a contract, will become one of Apple' s big weapons in the coming holiday season against smartphones running Google's Android system.

来源：资阳报