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LOS ANGELES, Sept. 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists at the University of California Los Angeles campus have announced that they have successfully used new prediction algorithms to forecast climate up to 16 months in advance.Professor Michael Ghil said in a UCLA news release Friday his team used new prediction algorithms based on matching ocean temperature records with new theories on how long-term climate trends are influenced by short-term weather extremes.That's twice as far into the future as previously accomplished.Ghil, a distinguished professor of climate dynamics in the UCLA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and senior author of the research, said the new prediction formulas will give climate experts and governments clues about long-term swings in the El Nino/La Nina oscillation in the Pacific Ocean, which drastically affects weather in the Americas, Asia and Australia.The new forecasting tool uses sea temperatures and has been tested on decades of historical data. The forecasts were then cross-checked against actual climate trends.The UCLA team also said that their 16-month forecasts were more accurate than previous forecasts that went only 8 months forward.Ghil emphasized that the forecasting tools are for climate, which is long-range, global patterns, but not for meteorology, which is short-term weather forecasting."Certain climate features might be predictable, although not in such detail as the temperature and whether it will rain in Los Angeles on such a day two years from now," said Ghil, who is also a member of UCLA's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. "These are averages over larger areas and longer time spans."The study is currently available online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and will be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal.

LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have decided to reschedule the launch of the Tiangong-1, an unmanned space module, due to the failed launch of an experimental orbiter, a spokesperson with the project said Thursday.The decision to delay the launch was based on the consideration that the carrier rocket Long-March II-F, which would be used for the upcoming launch, belongs to the same series as the malfunctioning one that led to the experimental orbiter SJ-11-04 failing to enter Earth's orbit in August."As the investigation into the malfunction of the rocket Long-March II-C remains underway, it is not clear yet whether the malfunction is linked with the Long-March II-F," the unnamed spokesperson said.Previously, the Long-March II-F was expected to send the 8.5-metric ton Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace 1," into space in the second half of this year to perform the nation's first space-docking procedure.The Tiangong-1 will dock with the unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft, which will be sent into space after the Tiangong-1's launch."The specific launch date for the Tiangong-1 will be set based on the results of the investigation into the malfunctioning rocket," the spokesperson said, adding that the project's teams are currently double-checking every product that will be involved in the space-docking.The Shenzhou-8 spacecraft, the Long March II-F carrier rocket, and the Tiangong-1 have all been transferred to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province, the spokesperson said.

BEIJING, Aug. 1 (Xinhua) -- The after-tax CIF (cost, insurance and freight) price of China's jet fuel imports has been set at 7,768 yuan (1,206 U.S. dollars) per metric ton for August, China's economic planner said on Monday.The price adjustment marked the first time for the economic planner to adjust jet fuel prices on a monthly basis after it announced jet fuel pricing reforms in July, according to a notice posted on the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)'s website.The NDRC announced on July 7 that it would introduce a market-oriented jet fuel pricing mechanism starting from Aug. 1.Under the new mechanism, the ex-plant price of jet fuel is required to be no higher than the after-tax CIF price of jet fuel imports from Singapore, Asia's largest oil trading and storage center.Taking transportation expenses, trade volumes and international crude oil prices into account, the jet fuel premium is negotiable between jet fuel sellers and buyers and will be reviewed once a year, while jet fuel ex-plant prices will be adjusted on the first day of every month, according to the NDRC.

TEHRAN, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Iran puts the Rasad (surveillance) satellite in the orbit on Wednesday, the state IRIB TV website reported.The Rasad satellite will render images to the country, said the report.All the procedure of designing, construction, testing and preparations to launch the satellite have been conducted domestically by Iranian experts, according to IRIB.The Rasad, weighs 15.3 kilograms and has been designed to be launched at 260 kilometers above the earth, said IRIB, adding that it will circle the earth 15 times in 24 hours.