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With news of two highly effective COVID-19 vaccines on the horizon, health officials and scientists are giving us new insight into how we could gain herd immunity."If we think of the population as a single group of people with all similar risks and susceptibilities and behaviors, we need 60% of people to be immune, meaning that not only they don’t get sick, but also they don't pass on the virus to other people," says Dr. Stuart Ray, an infectious disease professor and herd immunity expert at Johns Hopkins University.Dr. Ray says achieving herd immunity with the help of a COVID-19 vaccine would mean enough people would either get the vaccine or already have recovered from the virus and be immune to help stop the spread of the virus."It's a little bit like this notion that if you’re going to pass on a message from a lot of people in a group, they have to speak the same language. And the more people don't speak the language, the harder it's going to be to pass that message and there’s a threshold at which the message just gets stopped," says Dr. Ray.Still, it would take a certain number of people to get the vaccine and have that immunity last in order to reach herd immunity. Stanford University's Dr. Bali Pulendran hopes that we can achieve herd immunity, even though there are a certain number of people who are still hesitant to take the vaccine."I think we should remember that a vaccine that is 95% effective is only effective if the majority of people in a population take it. If only half the population or only 60% of the population take it, then we are unlikely to have achieved the level of herd immunity that you need for curbing the disease," says Dr. Pulendran.And if the new COVID-19 vaccine requires two doses, how crucial will it be to make sure people receive that second round of immunization?Asked whether follow up will be a concern, Dr. Ray says, "I think it is a possible concern. We’re going to do a lot of learning. So, one of the things we’ve learned is that some vaccines we thought you needed multiple doses, one dose works pretty well."Doctors say research will be ongoing on the vaccine and the virus itself to ensure people will be protected as much as possible, because so many are hopeful for an end to COVID-19. 2268

When it comes to eating healthy we tend to think about weight loss. But the impact on our blood pressure and cholesterol is just as important.Just ask a young woman who's survived not one, but two heart attacks. She talks about overcoming the odds, and how a heart-healthy diet is helping her fight back.In a small room, it's dinner time. But it's more than a love of food that's bringing these people together. It's a love and appreciation for life."So my name is Michelle," says one woman seated at the table. "I've had two heart attacks."Michelle Melvin and everyone at the table has had at least one close call with their hearts."What did you think when the doctor told you you'd had a heart attack?" The NOW's Kumasi Aaron asked Melvin. "It was disbelief," she responded.Melvin was 41, active and healthy overall when she felt a pain in her temples and her forearms went numb."But, did I ever think heart attack?" Melvin recalls. "No. I was 41 years old. That doesn't happen happen when you're 41." Her first thoughts? Her 8 and 10 year old sons.Melvin says, "It was just more of that sacredness of I can't, I can't die. With these babies at home still."She changed her diet and lifestyle but five years later, she had another heart attack."It wasn't supposed to happen again you know?" Melvin says. "You're not supposed to get it twice."Doctors diagnosed her with SCAD, a rare heart disease that mostly affects young women."The patients that it affects frequently are super healthy patients," says Kasier Permanente Cardiac Registered Nurse Amanda Bloom. "These are women who are out there doing marathons, they really take good care of themselves that's kind of what's so scary about it."Bloom started the support group. She wanted to make healthy eating a big part of it, because of its impact."It can really greatly reduce your risk of having another heart incident," Bloom says. "And for someone who hasn't had one it really reduces the risk of ever having one."Bloom prepares the dishes herself. Kale apple and pecan salad, and butternut squash and lentil soup. When it comes to eating heart healthy, Bloom says fruits, dark leafy greens and vegetables are key.For Melvin, the guidance she gets from Bloom about eating heart healthy is giving her important confidence."It kind of like jump starts," Melvin says. "It's like okay I can do this. I can go back and I can be strong again."Becoming stronger with each bite, for whatever life might bring.You can find more more healthy recipes from Kaiser Permanente here. If you want to try the heart healthy dishes Bloom made for her patients, the recipes are below:Kale, Apple and Pecan SaladIngredients:2 bunches laccinato Kale-tear into bite size pieces, remove ribs-Also called Dinosaur Kale2 apples, chopped into  bite size pieces.1 cup pecans, toasted, roughly chopped? cup dried Cranberries or datesScant lemon juiceDressing:? cup Dijon mustard? cup apple cider vinegar? cup honeyDirections:Place kale in a bowl and sprinkle with a pinch of salt. Drizzle with one teaspoon of olive oil. Massage kale for a couple minutes to tenderize.Sprinkle a little lemon juice over apples to keep them from browning.Mix together kale, apple, pecans, and cranberries.Toss with dressing and serve. Start with ? cup of dressing then add more as needed to taste. Butternut Squash and Lentil SoupIngredients:1?4 cup olive oil4 cloves garlic, finely chopped3 medium carrots, finely chopped2 stalks celery, finely chopped1 medium white onion, finely chopped1 tsp. ground cumin1 small butternut squash (about 1 lb.) peeled, seeded, and finely choppedKosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste6 cups diluted low sodium veggie stock1 cup red lentilsFinely chopped parsley, for garnishYogurt sauce:? cup non-fat Greek yogurt? tsp smoked paprika2 TBSP of olive oilPepper, salt to tasteDirections:Heat oil in a 6-qt. saucepan over medium-high heat. Add garlic, carrots, celery, and onion; cook, stirring occasionally, until slightly caramelized, 12–14 minutes. Stir in cumin, chile flakes, squash, salt, and pepper; cook until squash is soft, about 15 minutes. Add stock and lentils; bring to a boil. Reduce heat to medium-low; cook, slightly covered, until lentils are very tender, about 20 minutes. Let soup cool slightly, then, working in batches, purée soup until smooth. Stir paprika and 2 TBSP olive oil into yogurt to make sauce. Ladle soup into bowls and garnish with parsley and paprika.  Add a dollop of yogurt sauce and swirl in.  4532

When Sen. Bernie Sanders did this in 2013, he did it alone.On Wednesday, nearly four years later, Sanders introduced a new "Medicare for all" health care bill with a third of the Senate Democratic caucus by his side.Flanked at first by New York Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand and Connecticut Sen. Richard Blumenthal, Sanders called the costs of the current system "insane and unaffordable," promising that the average family would benefit financially under his plan "because you will no longer be writing checks to private insurance companies."For those whose taxes would go up, he added, "that expense will be more than offset by the money are you are saving with the elimination of private insurance costs." 710

When 13-year-old Hania Aguilar?is laid to rest in North Carolina on Saturday her father will be nearly 3,000 miles away.The US State Department has denied a temporary visa for Noé Aguilar to travel from Guatemala to attend services for his teenage daughter, according to the father's attorney."I had hoped they would find it in their hearts to let me be there for my daughter's funeral," Aguilar told CNN in a brief phone interview Friday."It's very sad. She was my princess. She will always be my princess."Immigration attorney Naimeh Salem said US embassy officials in Guatemala denied the temporary visa on grounds that Aguilar "didn't have enough ties to his home country, Guatemala.""That is not true," she said. "He has family there and his own business." 774

With five months to go until the November election, a unique group of voters could play a pivotal rule in deciding the next president: felons. THE ISSUEA Florida judge recently ruled felons, who have left prison, should not be required to pay fines before they are allowed to vote. Last year, Florida's governor signed a law making it a requirement to vote again. The judge referred to it as a “pay-to-vote system."Florida's governor is appealing the ruling. The issue of what voting rights felons have varies across the country and depends on where the felon resides. Some states, like Maine, allow felons to vote while incarcerated. In the majority of states, felons are automatically allowed to vote after they leave prison. In Iowa, felons aren't allowed to vote at all. Meanwhile in Virginia, their constitution bans felons from voting, but the governor has been using his authority to allow nonviolent felons to vote if they fill out a form.IMPACT ON ELECTIONIt's estimated there are around 1 million potential Florida voters impacted by the legal ruling. Given Florida's swing state status, that is a lot of new voters potentially up for grabs. Florida has 29 electoral college votes. President Donald Trump beat Hillary Clinton by just 112,000 votes in 2016. While the ruling is being appealed, it's unclear if it will be taken up by the Supreme Court before November's election. "I think there is certainly a movement to give people second chances, to let them rejoin the electorate," Julie Ebenstein, an ACLU lawyer who helped argue the case, said. Ebenstein believes this could impact other states in encouraging legal challenges. While Democratic leaders, for the most part, have taken steps to allow more felons to vote in recent years, it is unclear if it helps their party when it comes to elections. A Vox study found felons participate in elections at low rates and traditionally do not favor one party or another in large numbers. FELONS REACT"It's about 50-50 down the line inside," said Barbara Barrick, a Virginia felon, about the political affiliation of those who have served time. Barrick is following the Florida case because she believes felons should be treated equally regardless of the state in which they live. Barrick received her voting rights back in 2018 after the governor of Virginia issued a special order. "When I voted for the first time last November, I felt so real. I put my little sticker on. I was prancing around. I actually cried," Barrick said. 2501

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