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STOCKHOLM — Americans Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson have won the Nobel Prize in economics for “improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.” The Nobel Committee said their discoveries have benefitted sellers, buyers and taxpayers. Monday's award comes as much of the world experiences the worst recession since World War II because of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. The award caps a week of Nobel Prizes and is technically known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Since its establishment in 1969, it has been awarded 51 times and is now widely considered one of the Nobel prizes. 672

Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

Starting Friday, you'll be able to actually have breakfast at Tiffany.The luxury jeweler is opening its first-ever restaurant, The Blue Box Café, at its flagship Fifth Avenue store in New York City on Friday.The cafe is located on Tiffany's newly-renovated fourth floor, which was unveiled to the public on Wednesday."Both the café and redesign of the Home & Accessories floor reflect a modern luxury experience," said Reed Krakoff, Tiffany's chief artistic officer, in a statement. "The space is experimental and experiential -- a window into the new Tiffany."The café is decked out Tiffany's signature eggshell blue. Patrons will be able to order -- what else -- Breakfast at Tiffany, named for the Truman Capote novel turned Audrey Hepburn movie. The meal includes tea or coffee, a croissant with Nutella, honey butter and winter fruit preserves, seasonal fruit and berries, and a choice of smoked salmon & bagel stack, truffle eggs, buttermilk waffle or vegan avocado toast. Holly Golightly couldn't ask for more.Lunch, which includes a starter and a main course like the Fifty-Seventh Street Flatbread or the Fifth Avenue Salad, costs . And Tiffany Tea, a selection of teas plus finger sandwiches and sweets, comes to .The offerings are seasonal and subject to change.In a recent report, RBC Capital Markets mentioned that investors have two areas of concern when it comes to Tiffany's performance: Appeal to Millennial customers and foot traffic in stores. That might help explain the avocado toast. 1536

TAMPA, Fla. — The Centers for Disease Control has just identified more than 220 strains of what they call “nightmare bacteria” that can kill up to 50 percent of the people who catch them.“I never ever thought that I would end up getting MRSA,” said Sandra Jankowski, who was infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria her father contracted during a visit to a local hospital.Jankowski believes she was infected while caring for her father at a nursing home.“He had small scrapes and other things, which meant what was there in his system was sort of out there for all the rest of us,” she said.Jankowski contracted MRSA in her eyes and she underwent treatment for months.“It's much more rampant than we realize and very difficult to get rid of,” Jankowski said.She was lucky, because her infection eventually responded to drugs.But the CDC announced Tuesday that researchers have identified more than 220 strains nationwide that don't respond to drugs.“We are learning what is the extent of the problem and how to best manage it. And that's so critical,” said Dr. Seetha Lakshmi, an infectious disease specialist at Tampa General Hospital.She says new research and better communication between local partners and state and federal agencies will help address the crisis.The first of its kind nationwide assessment released Tuesday provides new information to providers.The CDC has more than 500 employees dedicated to containing unusual antibiotic resistance.“If you're the frontline provider, how do you act on this issue? What are your resources? How do you prevent this from spreading to other places, other people?” Lakshmi said.And identifying specific strains of "nightmare bacteria" will help health care providers respond aggressively, as the CDC pointed out in a conference call today.“The containment strategy can reduce the number of nightmare bacteria cases by 76 percent,” CDC officials reported in a nationwide conference call Tuesday.A summary of the report can be found here.Lakshmi says local hospitals now limit widespread use of antibiotics, which keeps bugs from mutating as rapidly.“You take it only if you need it. Don't take it if you just have a runny nose cold with a virus,” Lakshmi said.And other practices, like frequent hand washing can also help.“What we need to do is raise awareness,” said Jankowski, who believed she contracted her infection after touching her father.One way to protect yourself from hospital acquired infections is to do research before choosing a healthcare facility, if possible.And healthcare experts say infection rates can be lower at satellite offices or clinics that specialize in specific surgeries.Most Tampa Bay area hospitals already report their infection rates.You can compare them at the following link. 2781

TEMPE, Ariz. — An Arizona woman said a man posing as a Lyft driver tried luring her into his car. Around 9 p.m. Saturday, Bradie Trippi was waiting to be picked up in a parking lot in Tempe, Arizona. The Lyft app showed her driver was a minute away when a man in a gold Infiniti sedan pulled up next to her, she said. “He says, ‘I’m your Lyft’ and then took a phone, flashed it in my face,” Trippi told KNXV. She said the man showed her the passenger app — not the driver app — and the letter “f” of the “Lyft” emblem on his car was backward. Given the fact the man did not match the photo of her driver or description of her driver’s car, Trippi declined to get in the car. “He got aggressive,” she said. “Told me to get in the car, he’s gonna kill me, called me the ‘b word’, started yelling the ‘f word’ at me — I got kind of scared.”When her actual Lyft driver arrived, Trippi said the man sped off. Lyft and Uber spokespeople told KNXV that passengers should always check to make sure the photo of their driver, description of the vehicle and license plate match up before getting inside. Passengers should ask open-ended questions to their driver, like “who are you here to pick up?” Instead of “Are you here to pick up [name]?”Trippi and her actual Lyft driver described the imposter driver as a bald, African-American man with an accent. Tempe police said there have been no other recent reports matching that description.  1479

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