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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Online retail giant Amazon is working on a smartphone scheduled to be released in the fourth quarter of 2012, U.S. media reported Thursday.A note from Citigroup analyst Mark Mahaney obtained by technology news site All Things Digital said that based on the supply chain checks in Asia, Amazon is believed to launch a smartphone in the fourth quarter of 2012.According to the note, Amazon is working with manufacturer Foxconn and the device will run Texas Instruments' OMAP 4 processor. The Kindle Fire, the latest tablet introduced by the e- commerce giant, also uses OMAP processor.The analyst said the smartphone will cost Amazon between 150 and 170 U.S. dollars to build and the company could sell the handset at or near its cost rather than a 30 percent gross margin like many other smartphone manufacturers usually do.The move is expected to further intensify Amazon's rivalry with Apple and Google after the e-commerce giant had made moves on some booming businesses like tablet computer and cloud-computing service.

BEIJING, Nov. 4 (Xinhuanet) -- The amount of trans fat and other nutritional information will be marked on the labels of prepackaged food, according to the country's first national standard for food nutrition. The labeling will take effect on Jan 1, 2013. "It will help standardize the nutrition facts labeling by food producers and facilitate consumers' rights to know and choose, while improving public awareness of food nutrition," said Yang Yuexin, a senior nutritionist with the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The new regulation by the Ministry of Health stipulates that food labels have to include the food's nutrition information, including levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and sodium. Food products without proper labels showing the nutritional information will be banned when the new rule takes effect. The new regulation also stipulates that if any hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated fat is used to produce the food, the level of trans fat will have to be highlighted on the nutrition information label. Trans fat is usually produced during food processing when liquid oils are converted into semi-solid fats that help keep food fresh longer. However, the partially hydrogenated oil contains trans fat that can substantially increase the risk of heart disease. However, Zhang Jian, a researcher with CDC's National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, said that compared to Western diets, the Chinese diet contains a far lower level of trans fat and there is no need to over react.

HONOLULU, United States, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii, on Thursday for the Economic Leaders Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), slated for Saturday and Sunday.At the annual meeting, leaders of the 21-member group will exchange views on economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region, strengthening regional economic integration and expanding trade.They will also consider the promotion of green growth and fostering job creation in green industries, energy security, and expanding regulatory cooperation and advancing regulatory convergence.Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) arrives in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S., Nov. 10, 2011. Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii, on Thursday for the Economic Leaders Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), slated for Saturday and Sunday.President Hu is expected to speak at the meeting and express his views on the world economic situation and the regional economic situation, Wu Hailong, assistant foreign minister of China, said at a press briefing earlier this week.In his speech, Wu said, the Chinese leader will call for "improving global economic governance, shifting the growth method, promoting economic globalization and regional economic integration."Hu will also explain "China's stand on the issues of free and open trade and investment, green growth, the adjustment of economic structure and regulatory cooperation," Wu said.In Hawaii, Hu will join other APEC leaders in dialogue with the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).APEC leaders are expected to discuss with ABAC representatives, among other things, regional economic integration, reform of the international monetary system, and food security.The Chinese leader is scheduled to deliver a speech at the APEC CEO summit Saturday.On the sidelines of the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, President Hu will meet U.S. President Barack Obama and other leaders of APEC members."China hopes the meeting will further promote the free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region, push forward economic and technology cooperation, support multilateral trade systems, oppose trade protectionism, so as to inject vitality into world economic recovery and growth," Assistant Commerce Minister Yu Jianhua said at a press briefing earlier this week.APEC is the premier economic forum in the Asia-Pacific region.Since APEC's birth in 1989 it has grown to encompass 21 members spanning four continents, and represents the most economically dynamic region in the world, accounting for approximately 40 percent of the world's population, around 50 percent of world GDP and about 44 percent of world trade.APEC's 21 member economies are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, China's Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 22 (Xinhua) -- Long-term coffee consumption may be associated with a reduced risk for endometrial cancer, according to a study published online Tuesday in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Edward Giovannucci, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, said that coffee is emerging as a protective agent in cancers that are linked to obesity, estrogen and insulin."Coffee has already been shown to be protective against diabetes due to its effect on insulin," said Giovannucci, a senior researcher on the study. "So we hypothesized that we'd see a reduction in some cancers as well."The researchers observed cumulative coffee intake in relation to endometrial cancer in 67,470 women who enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study. During the course of 26 years of follow-up, researchers documented 672 cases of endometrial cancer.Drinking more than four cups of coffee per day was linked with a 25 percent reduced risk for endometrial cancer. Drinking between two and three cups per day was linked with a seven percent reduced risk.A similar link was seen in decaffeinated coffee, where drinking more than two cups per day was linked with a 22 percent reduced risk for endometrial cancer.Giovannucci said that he hopes this study will lead to further inquiries about the effect of coffee on cancer because in this and similar studies, coffee intake is self-selected and not randomized.