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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao has urged Party schools at all levels to play more important roles in the Party and country's development.     Hu, also Chinese President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remark when he gave a keynote speech to a meeting attended by delegates of the Party schools across the country in Beijing on Monday. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao (C), also Chinese President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, gives a keynote speech to a meeting attended by delegates of the Party schools across the country in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 27, 2008. Xi Jinping (2nd L), president of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, chaired the meeting. Senior leaders Li Changchun (2nd R), He Guoqiang (1st R) and Zhou Yongkang (1st L) also attended the meetingIn his speech, Hu stressed that to deal with various challenges and problems foreign and domestic, the Party and the government need a large number of officials who are capable, clean-handed and whom the people could trust.     "Party schools at all levels have an important responsibility in training and improving official's capabilities," Hu said in his speech. "Party committees at all levels should regard the Party school construction as one of the fundamental works."     Hu urged Party schools to adopt reforms and innovative policies in improving their qualities of education.     Party schools should act as a main channel for the Party to train officials on a large scale and increase their abilities to take both foreign and domestic situations into policy making, Hu said.     Party schools should also help the officials improve their abilities to govern the Party itself and resolve its internal problems, he added.     He said that Party schools should act as an important theoretical academy of the Communist Party.     Party schools are expected to provide theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and make the theories understandable, acceptable and adoptable for the officials.     Innovation in socialism theories should be an essential job for the Party schools, Hu said in the speech, adding that the schools should also unite theories with practice and serve the Party and governments at all levels in decision making.     Another important role that the Party schools should play is imparting modern scientific knowledge, Hu said.     Party schools should cultivate officials with more loyalty to the Party, he said.     Xi Jinping, president of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, chaired the meeting. Senior leaders Li Changchun, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang also attended the meeting.

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's annual Central Economic Work Conference opened here Monday to set tone for the economic development next year.     Observers believed the three-day event would give priority to efforts to maintain stable economic growth.     They reckoned in 2009, China would see more risks for worse economic slowdown, more struggling smaller businesses, grim export situation and arduous task of transformation of economic growth pattern.     "It is imperative for China to maintain an economic growth of at least 8 percent," said Zhuang Jian, senior economist with Asian Development Bank's China Resident Mission.     It was hard for China to bear the consequences of a too slow GDP growth, Zhuang added, citing bankruptcy of numerous enterprises, more migrant workers being laid off and difficulties for college graduates to find jobs.     China's macro-economic policies experienced a dramatic adjustment-- from "preventing economic overheating and curbing inflation" at the beginning of this year to "maintaining growth through expanding domestic demand" at present. In the first three quarters, the nation saw its GDP growth slowed to a single-digit rate for the first time over the past five years, thanks partly to macro-economic control efforts and the ongoing financial woes worldwide.     "The Chinese economy has suspended continuous heating and proceeded into a period of slow down," Zhang Liqun, a researcher with the macro economy department under the Development Research Center of the State Council, commented.     "The slowdown was worse than expected," said Ma Jiantang, head of the National Bureau of Statistics.     Data from the bureau showed that the country's GDP growth was 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent in the second, and9 percent in the third.     President Hu Jintao said at the end of November that the Chinese economy was pressurized by global economic downturn, obvious ebbing of demand from abroad and weakening of the country's traditional competitive edge.     "Impact from the international financial tsunami on the Chinese economy has begun to show up, and to deepen into various sectors of the real economy," said Wang Yiming, deputy head of the macro economic research institute of the National Development and Reform Commission.     Since mid October, the Central Government has promulgated a string of policies and measures to prevent the national economy from sliding drastically. They included end of a tight monetary policy and commencement of a moderately easy one, shifting the fiscal policy from "prudent" to "active", starting projects to improve infrastructure and promote people's livelihood, and, expanding domestic demand.     The People's Bank of China announced tax exemptions and downpayment cuts as of Oct. 27 to boost the falling real estate sector. The minimum downpayment for a first-time buyer of a residence smaller than 90 square meters was reduced to 20 percent from 30 percent.     Interest rates on mortgages for first-time buyers were cut 0.27percentage point. The floor for interest rates was lowered to 70 percent of the central bank's benchmark rate.     The central bank cut benchmark interest rates by 0.27 percentage point as of Oct. 30, the third such move in six weeks.     The benchmark one-year deposit rate dropped to 3.60 percent from 3.87 percent, while the benchmark one-year lending rate fell from 6.93 percent to 6.66 percent.     Tax rebates were raised for 3,486 export items as of Nov. 1. The adjustment covered such labor-intensive industries as textiles, toys, garments, and high-tech products, accounting for 25.8 percent of products covered by customs tariffs. Rebate rates run roughly from 9 percent to 14 percent.     On Nov. 9, state councilors announced a four-trillion-yuan (583.9 billion U.S. dollars) economic-stimulus package, which was seen as the most exciting stimuli in 10 years.     To boost consumption, particularly in the rural areas where 900 million people inhabited, was important part of efforts to expand domestic demand, observers believed.     China has launched a scheme to subsidize rural residents for buying home appliances since the end of 2007. It is estimated that in a period of four years, nearly 480 million units of refrigerators, washing machines, color TV sets and cell phones, which were in huge demand among farmers, will be sold in rural areas nationwide. That means 920 billion yuan to be spent by rural consumers.     "There is still a large room for the government to mull more policies to boost consumption, such as raising the threshold for taxable income and increasing income for lower-income earners," said Cai Zhizhou, an economist with the prestigious Peking University.     Export has since long been a major driving force for the Chinese economy. Economists believed the stable development of smaller enterprises, particularly the exporters, which provided jobs for 75 percent of urban employees and rural migrant workers, was related to the stability of the enormous Chinese labor market.     How to prevent export from sliding down too fast is one of the top concerns of the Chinese government.     "It is no doubt that China's export situation will become more grim next year. However, if the country manages to maintain a moderately fast growth in foreign sales of machines and electronics, it will likely achieve a growth of more than 15 percent in export at large," said Mei Xinyu, a trade expert with the Ministry of Commerce.     China has taken a string of measures to boost development of smaller enterprises.     "It is necessary for the government to work out more detailed, effective methods to mitigate tax burdens and enhance credit support for smaller businesses, and to help them with their efforts to promote technical upgrading and explore more markets," said Zhao Yumin, another economist with the Ministry of Commerce.     The service sector, which was able to provide numerous jobs, was yet to be expanded substantially, Zhao added.     Zhang Xiaojing, a senior economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that it was definitely wrong for China to waive long-term goals for short-term interests. He believed that to promote the shift of economic growth pattern and maintain the sustainable economic growth would be one of the important topics for the ongoing Central Economic Work Conference.

AMMAN, Nov. 23 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan as guest of Jordanian Senate President Zaid Al Rifaee.     In a written statement delivered upon arrival at the airport, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), highlighted the steady development of Sino-Jordanian friendship and cooperation since the two countries forged diplomatic ties 31 years ago.     Jia said China attaches great importance to its relations with Jordan, and will make concerted efforts with the Jordanian side to promote bilateral traditional friendship and reciprocal cooperation. Jia Qinglin (front R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed by Jordanian Senate President Zaid Al Rifaee at the airport in Amman, capital of Jordan, Nov. 23, 2008. Jia arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan    He said his visit aims at enhancing understandings, mutual trust and cooperation.     He is looking forward to meetings with Jordanian leaders during which they will exchange in-depth views on bilateral relations and other issues of common concern.     "I believe this visit will further promote the understandings and friendship between the two peoples and push forward the further growth of bilateral substantial cooperation in various fields," said Jia.     Jordan is the first leg of Jia's four-nation visit which will also take him to Turkey, Laos and Cambodia. Jia Qinglin (front R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed upon his arrival at the airport in Amman, capital of Jordan, Nov. 23, 2008. Jia arrived here Sunday on an official goodwill visit to Jordan