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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Tens of thousands of businesses in San Diego lost momentum in the early days of the pandemic. A leadership and facilitation company, literally named "momentum," was training corporations around the world when the pandemic hit. And it was clear to financially survive they had to pivot.Jason and Deirdre Maloney created the MagicWrap because they felt the world could use some warmth right now.“There's certainly people who are feeling isolated, feeling alone. Everybody likes a hug," Deirdre Maloney says.And a hug is just what a friend needed. But, when they couldn't find the gift they were looking for, they created it and brought MagicWrap to the market.“There's a concept about a blanket that's about covering yourself, and that's not what we wanted. We wanted that warmth like someone had their arms around you," Jason Maloney said. It even comes with a personalized note, and a pocket to keep it in. The pocket also makes a cell phone easy to walk around with. But before MagicWrap and product manufacturing, the Maloney's were a success in the field of corporate training and facilitation. Their company, Momentum, was booked solid into the fall.“For a company that goes around talking to businesses and they no longer exist. We have no business," said Jason.And their record-breaking year for Momentum, vanished.“It was a shock. Pretty much in a week our entire calendar year was put on hold, or canceled,” Jason added.But instead of folding, they found a new purpose, and the chance to spread a little magic in a trying time.“So when we hear back that people feel loved and supported or it's great to have this gift to give, that's really what it's about for us,” says Deirdre. 1714

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The brother-in-law of a woman killed in a murder-suicide in Paradise Hills spoke to 10News about her relationship with the father of her young sons.On the morning of Nov. 16, 29-year-old Sabrina Rosario and her four sons were shot by the boys' father in a home on Flintridge Drive, according to San Diego police.Rosario and three of her sons died, and the boys' father -- identified as 31-year-old Jose Valdivia -- shot himself to death after killing the family members.As of Sunday afternoon, Rosario's 9-year-old son, Ezequiel, was in an induced coma at Rady Children's Hospital.RELATED: Parents, 3 children killed in Paradise Hills murder-suicideKarl Albright, Rosario's brother-in-law, told 10News, "No one thinks it's going to happen until it's happened."Albright said he has so many questions about what led Valdivia to gun down his wife and children. According to Albright, Valdivia's infidelity broke Rosario's heart a year ago, and she decided to end things."She had made her mind up that it's over, and he didn't want to accept that," Albright said. "He wanted it back. And he tried to, the love way, and then he tried the fear way, and he tried every way in between to try to break through, but she stood her ground."Albright said Valdivia's threatening texts and stalker behavior escalated six months ago when he bragged about purchasing a gun.Albright explained Valdivia would tell Rosario, "I'm going to come over and kill myself in front of you guys. I'm going to kill you guys, then kill myself."Rosario told him that he sounded like the boy who cried wolf, according to Albright.A records search shows two cases of domestic violence in 2019. On Nov. 15, police said Rosario spent the whole day at court obtaining a restraining order against her husband.When he called that night, she told him she had no other choice. He never called back.Albright said she told him that their problems would be solved, and her children would be safe."Even what they were living in, and what she was going through in the house, she had an umbrella over the kids, and it never fazed them," Albright said.Instead, the next morning, police said the children's father came into the granny flat on Flintridge Drive and shot his wife and four children in the head before shooting himself.Rosario and 3-year-old Enzi died at the home. Five-year-old Zuriel, 9-year-old Ezequiel, and 11-year-old Zeth were rushed to the hospital. Zuriel and Zeth did not make it.Life will never be the same for relatives who live next door."Now that Thanksgiving is coming up and Christmas. We've already got Christmas gifts for the kids and for her," Albright said.Those gifts will remain under the tree in their honor."They were fun-loving. They were well-raised. They were very good kids. And she was the mother you wish you had," Albright said.Albright set up a GoFundMe campaign for his family. To contribute, click here. 2928

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The homeless population in San Diego County has decreased over the last year, according to a San Diego task force.  Every year, the county conducts a tally of how many people are homeless on a single night in January. This year’s count, done on January 26, was coordinated by the Regional Task Force on the Homeless.The task force says the number of homeless throughout the county has decreased six percent to 8,576. However, the number of homeless veterans went up to 1,300 - a 24 percent increase. Supervisor Ron Roberts, the Homeless Task Force Chairman, says permanent housing still needs to be a priority. “Seeing the overall number decline was a positive reversal, but there are far too many swings in data to declare a trend or to not see other areas where we need to increase our focus,” said San Diego County Supervisor Ron Roberts, who chairs the RTFH. “We continue to face many challenges, highlighted by a lack of new housing, a condition that squeezes hardest those with the fewest resources."RELATED: Volunteers count number of homeless living in San DiegoThe numbers from the federally-mandated Point-in-Time Count (PITC) show the number of sheltered and unsheltered homeless people in each of the county’s 18 cities, as well as in unincorporated areas.The County will present the full report, with a more in-depth analysis of the data, to the task force at 3 p.m.The PITC is meant to help communities and policymakers understand their regions’ most current challenges and areas with the most pressing need for limited funding. 1594

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The former gang member who killed San Diego Police officer Archie Buggs in 1978 was granted parole suitability Thursday.Jesus Cecena was 17 years old when he opened fire on Officer Buggs during a traffic stop in Skyline. According to the San Diego County District Attorney’s Office, Cecena fired five times at Buggs, then paused, walked toward the fallen officer and fired a final bullet into his head at point blank range. The officer died on the street, his hand still on his service revolver.Cecena was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. His term was later modified, due to a change in law making him eligible for Youth Offender Parole.Cecena has been denied parole at least 13 times. Governor Brown reversed the parole board’s decisions to release Cecena in 2014, 2015 and 2017, citing the seriousness of the crime.RELATED: San Diego Police honor officer shot and killed by gang memberIn 2014, 10News reported that Cecena’s unstable social history continued during his incarceration, where authorities said he received more than ten violation reports for misconduct while in prison.Thursday’s parole board recommendation will move into a 150-day review period, according to a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation spokesman. After that period, the Governor will have 30 days to uphold, reverse, modify, send it to the full Board of Commissioners for another review, or take no action.The parole review period will end in January 2019, after the end of Governor Jerry Brown's term, leaving the decision in the hands of his successor. 1609