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CANBERRA, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Scientists from Australia's University of New England on Friday said they had discovered the remarkably fossil isa metre-long arthropod with excellent vision called anomalocaris from Emu Bay Shale of South Australia.The scientists reported their finding on the anomalocaris in thescience journal Nature this week.It is reported that anomalocaris is a fearsome ancient predator that swam in the Cambrian oceans 500 million years ago. The researchers said the presence of anomalocaris would have driven the development of protective adaptations in prey animals. Such an escalatory 'arms race' would have seen, for instance, the evolution of such adaptations in prey as shells, camouflage and burrowing into sediments. "It has been unbelievably frustrating being able to see eyes like these at fossil sites like the Burgess Shale (in the Canadian Rocky Mountains), but not have any details. It is really refreshing to have our ideas about these animals confirmed at last, " comments Simon Conway Morris, a palaeontologist at the University of Cambridge, the United Kingdom.The research team was led by paleontologist Dr John Paterson, of the University of New England. He said the most surprising discovery of anomalocaris is the huge number of tiny hardened lenses in each eyes."When you consider that a modern housefly, for example, has about 3000 lenses, it's pretty impressive that an animal half a billion years old already has remarkable vision like this," Paterson said in statement."The fact that each eye in anomalocaris would have had over 16, 000 lenses means it would have very, very good resolution."Paterson said the acute vision of Anomalocaris gave it a distinct advantage over competing predators and prey, as many Cambrian animals either had poor vision or were completely blind. Its acute vision rivals or exceeds that of most living insects and was probably comparable to predatory dragonflies today.He said their findings support the idea that compound eyes evolved very early on in arthropod evolution, before the evolution of jointed legs or hardened exoskeletons.The research team hopes they can find the more fossil remains of Cambrian creatures in the Emu Bay Shale.

KUNMING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- By moonlight, Ma Yuanqiong, a grassroots AIDS prevention practitioner, and her colleagues slipped into a large community of migrant workers in the city of Jinghong in southwest Yunnan province.As usual, they were greeted tepidly. A dozen sex workers living in the community came to obtain free condoms and brochures on AIDS prevention and quickly dispersed."We visit these women every week. They are familiar with us, but rarely talk about themselves," said Ma, who is in charge of an AIDS prevention program targeting sex workers in Jinghong. The program was initiated by Fuhua International, a local NGO.Sex workers are highly sensitive and vigilant due to safety concerns, since sexual services are illegal in China, Ma said. They have become harder to find since local police started a persistent crackdown on prostitution two years ago and drove many sex workers underground, she said.INACCESSIBILITY IMPEDES EFFORTSJinghong is located in Xishuangbannan Dai autonomous prefecture. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, it's a famous tourist city where the underground sex industry thrives.The AIDS prevention program, which began in 2006, is aimed at improving sex workers' awareness of the epidemic -- which is primarily sexually transmitted -- and prompting them to change risky behavior.In the beginning, program workers quickly realized they faced a significant challenge. "We were often rejected, or even threatened when trying to get in touch with the sex workers at first," Ma said.But the practitioners persisted, approaching nonjudgmentally and treating them as friends, and eventually their efforts began to pay off.During the past five years, the program has provided free condoms and AIDS consulting services to more than 400 sex workers aged 14 to 58 and from many parts of the country, according to Ma.The program has even helped several sex workers give up the business and pursue legitimate careers.However, the organization currently only keeps in touch with about 100 sex workers and has found it more difficult to reach more.The police crackdown has made the sex workers, especially low-paid street hookers, more mobile and less visible, and Ma pointed out that low-paid sex workers are in greater need for outreach as they are more vulnerable to HIV infection than their their higher-paid counterparts."Low-level sex workers are at a heightened risk, as they and their clients, mainly migrant workers and the elderly, all have insufficient knowledge of the disease," she said.According to statistics provided by the provincial disease control and prevention center (CDC) of Yunnan, about 1.6 percent of sex workers in Yunnan have contracted HIV, while the ratio among the low-level group is 3 percent.By the end of October, Yunnan reported 93,567 HIV carriers and AIDS patients, the most among all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities."We conducted a survey in Jinghong and neighboring Menghai County at the end of 2008 and found that low-level sex workers almost never used condoms then," said Kang Jun, head of the HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment office in Xishuangbanna.The survey also found that the low-level sex workers only charged about 20 yuan (3.2 U.S. dollars) for each service, and every day they received 16 clients on average, according to Kang.Ahead of the police crackdown, Kang and his colleagues had provided HIV testing services for more than 30 low-level sex workers, and the results showed that two of them had been infected by the virus."The testing work was forced to halt as the crackdown began soon and we could hardly find them," Kang said.The good news, he said, was that the local CDC will launch a four-year investigation on sex workers in Xishuangbanna next January as part of a massive state-funded research project.

SANYA, Hainan, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- The five BRICS nations intend to focus and work together on developing alternative energy sources.When Bu Xiaolin, vice governor of China's coal-rich Inner Mongolia autonomous region, spoke over the weekend in front of hundreds of BRICS delegates on regional energy strategies, she mentioned little of the fossil fuels that have long contributed to the region's growth.Like many other speakers at the 1st BRICS Friendship Cities and Local Governments Cooperation Forum, which ran from Dec. 1-3 in Sanya, Hainan province, she devoted large part of her speech to discussing wind and solar energy."Facing the prospects of running out of fossil energy and the related environmental issues, developing new energy is an inevitable choice," said Bu.The forum at this seaside resort over the weekend attracted hundreds of local governors, scholars and business people from the BRICS nations -- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa -- to discuss city-to-city cooperation, and new energy was among the top agenda topics.Consensus had been reached at the forum that the five countries should strengthen dialogue and cooperation for provincial and local partnerships, including infrastructure, green economy and technology transfer."We are very willing to cooperate with BRICS countries on new energy innovations, promotion and market development," said Bu.According to Bu, Inner Mongolia has huge potential in new energy, with 380 million kilowatts of exploitable wind power resources, accounting for more than half of China's on-shore wind power resources.The region is aiming for a total installed capacity of 33 million kilowatts for wind power and one million kilowatts for solar power by the end of 2015, she added.At national level, the Chinese central government expects to bring the country's total wind power installed capacity up to 150 million kilowatts in the next five years, according to national development plans.Meanwhile, in Brazil, there is movement to replace fossil energy with new energy in daily use, said Jailson Lima Da Silva, State Representative of the National Union of State Legislatures of Brazil.The country is working to increase the nation's wind power capacity, and new energy is expected to account for 65 percent of the nation's total energy consumption, he said."Brazil is optimistic on wind power exploitation, which will be one of the major fields of future investment," he said.Silva expressed hopes to work with China on new energy, especially solar power and biomass energy. "Brazil has large potential in solar energy, while China is a leading producers of solar equipment," he said.According to Mlibo Qoboshiyane, a member of the Executive Council of Eastern Cape, South Africa, the African nation is also investing extensively in wind and solar energy.South Africa has just unveiled a 12-billion-U.S.-dollar program on renewable energy development, which would largely be spent on wind and solar power and reduce the use of traditional energies, said the official.It would be helpful to exchange technologies and valuable information between the BRICS countries to keep consumption of new energies sustainable and affordable, he said. 

VIENNA, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- A sculpture of late Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was presented to the UN Office in Vienna (UNOV) Friday to celebrate "50 Years of Human Spaceflight," the theme of the World Space Week 2011.In 1961, Gagarin completed an orbit around the Earth aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft, serving as a pioneer of human spaceflight.The sculpture is a gift from the Russian government and would be placed at the Permanent Exhibit of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).Attendants of the ceremony include UNOV Director-General Yury Fedotov, UNOOSA Director Mazlan Othman and Head of the Russian Permanent Mission Vladimir Voronkov."Outer space is one of the most exciting and challenging topics, and perhaps of all the important topics on the agenda of the United Nations, none quite captures our imagination like outer space," Othman said in her statement.Meanwhile, speaking highly of Gagarin's achievement 50 years ago, Fedotov stressed that the purpose of the development and utilization of outer space must be to the benefit of all mankind.The UN official said that relevant UN agencies would provide technical assistance to all countries to develop outer space and ensure the benefits in peaceful purpose.On Dec. 6, 1999, the 55th United Nations General Assembly declared the World Space Week to be held every year during Oct. 4-10.

来源：资阳报