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WASHINGTON, Aug. 12 (Xinhua) -- NASA announced Friday the creation of a new directorate that will focus on both the International Space Station operations and human exploration beyond low earth orbit.The Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate combines the Space Operations and Exploration Systems mission directorates. While the transition and personnel assignments will take several weeks to finalize, the directorate already is supporting space station operations. It also will manage commercial crew and cargo developmental programs; construction of the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle, a spacecraft designed to travel beyond low Earth orbit; development of a new heavy lift rocket, known as the Space Launch System; and other programs within the directorates."America is opening a bold new chapter in human space exploration," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "By combining the resources of Space Operations and Exploration Systems, and creating the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, we are recommitting ourselves to American leadership in space for years to come."Associate Administrator Bill Gerstenmaier will head the new organization. He previously served as the associate administrator for Space Operations.

BRUSSELS, May 31 (Xinhua) -- Baby bottles containing the substance Bisphenol A (BPA) would have to be pulled from the shelves across the European Union (EU) starting from Wednesday, in a "milestone" move to better protect the health of EU citizens, an official said Tuesday."Due to the fact that there are uncertainties concerning the effect of the exposure of infants to Bisphenol A, the commission deemed it both necessary and appropriate to take action," said John Dalli, EU Health and Consumer Policy Commissioner."The aim is to further reduce the exposure of the most vulnerable part of our population, i.e. infants," he said.The ban, adopted in an EU directive in late January, would prohibit baby bottles containing BPA from placing on the EU market and import into the 27-member EU from June 1.Previously, the bloc had already banned the manufacture of the controversial baby bottles on March 1, and the industry has been withdrawing such products voluntarily.BPA is an organic molecule that is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, which are used to manufacture plastic materials, such as baby bottles.Traces of BPA can be released from plastic containers into the food they carry if these containers are heated at high temperatures. They may lead to early sexual development of children and could cause cancer, according to health officials.China would also prohibit the manufacture of feeding bottles containing BPA from June 1, while imports and sales of bottles containing BPA would be banned starting from Sept. 1.

BEIJING, July 1 (Xinhuanet) -- China must adopt a holistic approach to addressing food safety challenges connected to the risk of contracting infectious diseases from contact with animals, the World Health Organization (WHO) has said. Peter Ben Embarek, food safety officer at WHO's China office, said the country faces risks connected to the need to produce more meat, eggs and milk to feed its growing population. He said the increased production will ramp up the risk of people being infected by food-borne diseases because of poor slaughtering oversight and the absence of proper surveillance and inspection systems. About 50 percent of pigs in China are slaughtered outside of formal facilities without the inspection of veterinarians or food safety officers. He said poorly trained producers have little or no awareness of food safety or the risk of animal diseases being passed on to humans. Such an environment could lead to the emergence of a new pandemic of influenza. During the past 60 years, 30 percent of the 335 new infectious diseases worldwide were transmitted through food, he said. Yet in many parts of China, public awareness remains low about such things. Xu Aixiang, a 35-year-old resident of Rizhao city in Shandong province, prefers to buy live poultry at local markets. Like many of her neighbors, she takes the chickens she buys home to slaughter them. "I get fresher chickens that are better quality this way," she said. "When vendors sell slaughtered chickens, the meat is no longer fresh and may have had water injected into it to make it heavier." But Ben Embarek cautioned that such live-animal markets are high-risk places for the exchange of viruses and diseases between animals and humans. He said simple and cost-effective measures can be taken to improve such markets' hygiene standards, such as the installation of separate areas to keep live poultry away from customers as well as improving air flow and waste management. Several UN agencies, including the WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization, called on China to adopt an integrated approach to preventing emerging epidemic diseases and maintaining ecosystem integrity at an event themed "One Health" that convened on Wednesday in Beijing. At the gathering, representatives from the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention shared experiences from efforts to mitigate the H5N1 and H1N1 influenza outbreaks in China and said they were committed to working together in the future. Su Jingliang, an associate professor of preventive veterinary medicine at China Agricultural University, said his lab had detected the outbreak of a new type of flavivirus in ducks that led to a significant fall in egg production at farms in Beijing as well as in Hebei, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces. The pandemic was brought under control in March. No cases of humans contracting the disease have been reported so far but Su said he was concerned about the possibility of farmers becoming infected through close contact and long exposure to sick ducks. He said precautionary measures should be taken in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and other government agencies and checks should be run on people who are at high risk. Xu Wei contributed to this story.

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists at the University of California Los Angeles campus have announced that they have successfully used new prediction algorithms to forecast climate up to 16 months in advance.Professor Michael Ghil said in a UCLA news release Friday his team used new prediction algorithms based on matching ocean temperature records with new theories on how long-term climate trends are influenced by short-term weather extremes.That's twice as far into the future as previously accomplished.Ghil, a distinguished professor of climate dynamics in the UCLA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and senior author of the research, said the new prediction formulas will give climate experts and governments clues about long-term swings in the El Nino/La Nina oscillation in the Pacific Ocean, which drastically affects weather in the Americas, Asia and Australia.The new forecasting tool uses sea temperatures and has been tested on decades of historical data. The forecasts were then cross-checked against actual climate trends.The UCLA team also said that their 16-month forecasts were more accurate than previous forecasts that went only 8 months forward.Ghil emphasized that the forecasting tools are for climate, which is long-range, global patterns, but not for meteorology, which is short-term weather forecasting."Certain climate features might be predictable, although not in such detail as the temperature and whether it will rain in Los Angeles on such a day two years from now," said Ghil, who is also a member of UCLA's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. "These are averages over larger areas and longer time spans."The study is currently available online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and will be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal.

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Some forms of medical research involving animals containing human material should be more tightly regulated, a report warned.The warning was issued on Friday by an expert working group from the Academy of Medical Sciences in Britain.The report suggested the ban of the use of animal cells that can produce human sperm or egg cells. "We don't want scientists to cause problems for the future by overstepping the mark of what is publicly acceptable," said Professor Robin Lovell-Badge, a member of the expert working group.The controversy partly originated from a medical research in Britain. Three years ago, the researchers produced human embryos with the nucleus hollowed cow eggs, according to the Associated Press."This is a complex research area and there should be an ongoing dialogue between scientists, regulators and the wider public to address emerging issues." said Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at the University of Cambridge.