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Last year's seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness was just 42%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated. Even if vaccinated, then, people had inadequate protection against the flu.This limited effectiveness was due to a mutation that occurred in the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain, according to a new study published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This vaccine mutation resulted from an egg-based manufacturing process commonly used today.This year's flu vaccine may also be imperfect, said Scott Hensley, author of the new study and an associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. Add to that, he said, "this could end up being a pretty bad flu season."Still, he said, "our best protection" against severe illness is getting vaccinated with the flu shot we have today.Finding answersEach year before flu season begins, a vaccine is made based on whichever virus strains are expected to circulate. The selected seed strains are distributed to vaccine manufacturers which then produce their formulations and make them available to health care professionals before the season begins.During the 2015-16 season, vaccine effectiveness was 47%, while for the previous 2014-15 season, effectiveness was just 19%, according to the CDC. While the overall effectiveness of last season's vaccine was 42%, it was only 34% effective against the H3N2 viruses that dominated the season.Vaccine effectiveness varies based on how well it matches the circulating virus strains. Sometimes, a vaccine corresponds to the predominant virus yet its effectiveness is still not what scientists would expect. Trying to understand which element of the vaccine failed is difficult.Hensley and his team began their investigation of last year's vaccine by looking at the seed strains that had been distributed to vaccine manufacturers. These seed strains had been propagated in chicken eggs, the common method used today."The sequences of these viruses are available and when we did an alignment to see what the sequence of these vaccines were compared to the viruses that were circulating, it became very obvious that there was this mutation," said Hensley.To see the effects of the mutation, the team next looked at how the immune systems of both animals and humans who'd been inoculated with an egg-based flu vaccine responded to the actual circulating viruses.The antibodies -- immune system proteins that fight invading pathogens -- elicited in both animals and humans failed to bind to and neutralize the flu viruses, Hensley and his colleagues found.While most vaccines in the United States are made in chicken eggs, a small fraction are produced in insects or mammalian cells, Hensley explained. (These are given to people with egg allergies.) He and his team compared immune responses in animals and humans who had received a cell-based vaccine -- in this case, Flublok made by Protein Sciences Corporation."And we found both animals and humans receiving that (cell-based) vaccine had superior antibody responses that could bind and neutralize these circulating H3N2 strains," said Hensley.Making a better vaccine"Most of the infrastructure to produce vaccines in the US is based on chicken eggs," said Hensley. There are good reasons for this, including the fact that egg-based propagation allows manufacturers to quickly produce large quantities of vaccine.While egg adaptations have always been a problem, beginning last year it had become a "huge problem," said Hensley. "As soon as you try to grow this virus in eggs, within a few hours, the virus will acquire this kind of mutation."This is not an easy problem to fix, he said. To produce vaccines in cells means "a very expensive process for companies to just change their overall manufacturing process," Hensley explained. "You can't really do that on the drop of a dime."Meanwhile, the same seed strains used last year are being used this year to make the current vaccine, said Hensley."This year may be especially difficult because, in addition to this egg adaptive mutation which was present last year, there's indication that the H3N2 viruses are actually evolving," said Hensley.Not only will the vaccine be a mismatch with the actual circulating viruses due to egg adaptation but the vaccine could also be a mismatch due to unexpected viral evolution.What kind of flu season is ahead?It's too early to speculate which viruses will become dominant in the United States over the course of the coming flu season, said Hensley, "but it's starting to look like it will be H3 viruses." H3 viruses are influenza A viruses."There are the A group of viruses and the B groups," said Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University. "The A groups are the ones that usually are responsible for large epidemics ... whereas the B flu strains usually smolder along. They always cause illness -- it can be just as severe as the A strains -- but they don't produce large outbreaks."Though last year's vaccine was mostly ineffective in thwarting the flu, it still prevented nearly 30% of hospitalizations that might have resulted, according to CDC calculations. For older adults, that rate was even higher, at 37%. Plus, the vaccine reduced outpatient visits by 42% last season.The CDC advises everyone 6 months and older to get a flu shot, as only injectable flu vaccines are recommended. More than 130 million doses of flu vaccine have been distributed so far this year and flu activity is still low across the nation.It's still early days, but experts believe we may be facing a tough season, and not only because of vaccine concerns.The reason?Australia had a tough flu season this year, with a total of 215,280 laboratory-confirmed cases and 504 flu-associated deaths reported to its National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System as of October 13, government data show. According to a surveillance system report, adults over the age of 80 and children between 5 and 9 years old have been most affected."In general, we get in our season what the Southern Hemisphere got in the season immediately preceding us," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the United States' National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said in an interview last month.An "intelligent guess," therefore, is that the Northern Hemisphere, like the Southern Hemisphere, will likely battle more cases of the viral infection, he said, though "with influenza, it is never 100%.""If H3N2 viruses dominate the US flu season again this year, vaccine effectiveness will likely be moderate to low again," said Hensley.Still, he said, everyone should get their annual flu shot."The other components of the vaccine, like H1N1 and influenza B, will likely provide excellent protection," said Hensley. "The vaccine will also likely prevent severe disease and death caused by H3N2 viruses, even though this component of the vaccine is mismatched."  6969

LAKE CHARLES, La. -- “We’re just happy to have a place that is somewhat whole and air-conditioned,” said Amanda Day.Day and her family haven’t been to their home since late August.“Our home was not anywhere near as damaged as much as others but definitely damaged, and we were offered a place to stay here, because they had a generator,” said DayThey evacuated with most of Lake Charles, Louisiana when Hurricane Laura hit on August 27.Now, they’re staying at a friend’s house where more than a dozen people at a time have been living, while their home is repaired.“I’d say upwards, 15 to 18, at different points, but right now there’s like eight or nine of us that are pretty much here all the time,” Day said.This time of year, her three kids would normally be back at school. Because of Laura, they’re back at home.“I don’t really like it. I’m basically at the house the entire time, all the time. I don’t really go anywhere," her tenth grader, Benjamin Day said. “It never started, it never started,” said Day.Lake Charles, and much of western Louisiana, was hit hard by Hurricane Laura. The 150mph winds ripped roofs off homes and displaced thousands of people. It also took out the internet.“Online learning is a little bit difficult without internet, however,” said Karl Bruchhaus, the Superintendent of Calcasieu Parish School District. He says all but two of the district's 76 buildings were damaged in the storm. While buildings are being repaired to the tune of 0-0 million, he’d like for the district to open virtually by the end of the month.Whether schools or students have internet by then is up in the air."We’re going to offer it. We’re not going to mandate it and we certainly can’t hold people accountable for something they can’t get to," Bruchhaus said.He knows not all of his 33,000 students have both wifi and a device. At least 10% don’t.“3,000 or so of our students. In this situation, with our internet being down parish wide, you know, of course it’s much greater than that,” said Bruchhaus.The word device includes cell phones. Imagine how hard it would be to submit homework on a phone.Day says she’s in a tough spot, but knows there are many families in worse positions than hers.“A lot of people don’t have internet. It’s worrisome just for me overall that we still have such a huge line in the sand of haves and have nots. Even in this little tiny town,” she said. Just a few miles north, Courtland Williams and his friends from Grambling State University are volunteering time and supplies to help the recovery. Courtland grew up in Lake Charles, he knows the challenges kids are facing.“We were using books from five, six years ago, tore up into pieces, missing six, seven pages here and there. You go to school on the other side of town or you talk to your friends on the other side of town, they’re not having that problem,” said Williams.He’s worried about old books and broken supplies carrying over to the new digital classroom.“While I acknowledge opportunities in homes, may very from home to home, based on a family's personal information, the truth is, our schools who have more, low socio-economic students qualify for more services from the feds and actually get more title money than other schools,” Bruchhaus said. He says that translates to more devices in schools like those that Courtland attended. But that doesn’t mean those students are set up with those devices at home.It’s a challenge for the district and the community, a community that both Day and Courtland say will help each other out to get through a pandemic and a hurricane.“You have to depend on, that never that maybe you never met before, cause they’re going through the same thing you are. What can you do to help. What can I do to help someone else,” said Day. “Lake Charles is strong, Lake Charles has always been strong. From Hurricane Katrina, Harvey, any other hurricane that hit us, storms that hit us. Lake Charles is very strong, along with the rest of Louisiana. So Lake Charles will shake back,” said Williams. 4053

LAKESIDE, Calif. (KGTV) - A Lakeside woman who spent ,000 to have solar panels installed on her home is angry about an 8 electric bill from San Diego Gas and Electric.Michaela Wright told 10News her power bill is three times higher than it was at this time last year.“How could I possibly get a bill this high when I bought solar panels,” questioned Wright.Wright called the high bill “price gouging” and said it was "out of hand" with a 26 percent rate hike coming in the next three years. She’s been writing letters to lawmakers and calling the governor to demand action.To make a difference, Wright also wants her East County neighbors to talk part in a walk-out. She would like to see residents leave their homes and stop using power between 4 and 9 p.m., twice a month.“Hit them in the pocketbooks because money talks and when you start losing money they start paying attention. I just feel we have to do something,” Wright said.SDG&E spokesperson Wes Jones wouldn’t comment on the walk-out or talk specifically about Wright’s bill. However, he said SDG&E recommends customers use less energy during peak hours: precisely what Wright is proposing with the walk-out.Jones also suggested Wright check with her solar company.“The solar system is matched to the solar energy you need and should work with your solar provider to see if your system is generating the energy needs that you have,” said Jones.Wright said she has been in touch with her solar company - and now it’s time to turn out the lights and walk out.“I’ve had enough, and the rest of San Diego feels the same… we’ve got to do something,” Wright said. 1646

LA MESA, Calif. (KGTV)-- Hundreds of strangers came together Sunday morning to clean up the aftermath of Saturday night's La Mesa riots.There is a sense of love and support Sunday morning in downtown La Mesa. Strangers worked collaboratively to reverse the effects of what transpired Saturday. What began as a peaceful demonstration quickly turned into a violent protest. By early afternoon, people were blocking Interstate 8 and taking out their frustrations on SWAT Bearcat vehicles.The pandemonium continued into the night. Police deployed tear gas, protesters set cars and local shops on fire. Looters took advantage of the chaos."[It was] just a crazy scene," La Mesa property owner Tony Gaipa said. He said he was one of the lucky ones. "If you're in front of your building, they kind of left you alone, but the building next door didn't have anybody, and they would just pop the glass," Gaipa said. 10News met John Douglas as he was cleaning up in front of his wife's workplace-- an engineering firm that is now burned to the ground. "I saw signs last night like 'Racism Sucks' and 'Black Lives Matter.' Well, what about the black lives that got affected by this?"As an African American man, he understands people wanting justice, after seeing so much of the opposite. But he says what happened Saturday is not the answer."We can't do stuff like this. This is not helping. It's just wrong," Douglas said. He and hundreds of others spent hours sweeping the asphalt, painting over the graffiti, and drilling over broken walls to repair their beloved downtown. "I've heard nothing but positive things from everyone today," Douglas said. "Couple of bad comments from people driving by, but that's one bad seed. If that doesn't spread, there is no cancer. And so today has been a good day." 1801

LAS VEGAS (AP) — No other city does New Year's Eve like Las Vegas.Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Gwen Stefani are among the superstars who will be ushering in the new year with performances at venues on the Las Vegas Strip, while more than 300,000 people are expected to gather on the world-famous corridor Monday to watch eight minutes of fireworks.At another celebration in the downtown Fremont Street entertainment district, 12 bands will play under a massive video canopy that will show the ball drop in New York's Time Square."The only thing that can top Las Vegas is Las Vegas on New Year's Eve," said Jacqueline Peterson of the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. "The city continues to evolve itself. We never run out of things to do."Gaga's New Year's Eve concert at Park Theater at Park MGM casino-resort will be the third of her long-anticipated residency, which will debut Friday. Veteran Las Vegas performer Celine Dion will be at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace, and Maroon 5 will celebrate the holiday once again at the Mandalay Bay Events Center.Stefani will take the stage at Zappos Theater at Planet Hollywood casino-resort as part of the residency she kicked off this year. Calvin Harris, The Chainsmokers and J. Cole are among those performing at nightclubs.While Las Vegas is known as a place for last-minute trips, tourists who want to ring in 2019 here should act fast. Tourism officials expect 318,000 people to travel to Sin City for the holiday and nearly all the city's more than 147,000 hotel rooms to be booked."Now is the time to do it," Chris Baldizan, senior vice president of entertainment booking and development at MGM Resorts International, said about booking a trip for the holiday. But "we'll always find a spot for somebody."New Year's Eve is worth an estimated 3 million to Las Vegas, according to the convention and visitors authority, which is responsible for promoting the destination.In addition to concerts with tickets on sale for the general public, casino operators also host over-the-top private parties for their VIP guests.Caesars Entertainment hosted nine of those last year, which included DJs, dancers, fireworks shows, thousands of bottles of champagne and performances by Katy Perry, Jennifer Lopez and other stars. Five hangover brunches were served the next morning.Unlike the two previous years, New Year's Eve falls on a weekday. Casino operators say the Monday celebration is a positive because it gives people a reason to stay beyond a typical weekend trip."It just means that more of our guests are coming in even earlier to spend more days celebrating in this great tradition," said Chris Holdren, executive vice president and chief marketing officer for Caesars Entertainment. "So, they may come in, spend the weekend and extend it to encompass the great holiday." 2844

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