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Smoke masks. Eye drops. No outdoor exercise. This is how Californians are trying to cope with wildfires choking the state, but experts say an increase in serious health problems may be almost inevitable for vulnerable residents as the disasters become more commonplace.Research suggests children, the elderly and those with existing health problems are most at risk.Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke can worsen existing asthma and lung disease, leading to emergency room treatment or hospitalization, studies have shown.Increases in doctor visits or hospital treatment for respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia in otherwise healthy people also have been found during and after wildfires.RELATED: Missing-persons list tops 600 in Camp FireSome studies also have found increases in ER visits for heart attacks and strokes in people with existing heart disease on heavy smoke days during previous California wildfires, echoing research on potential risks from urban air pollution.For most healthy people, exposure to wildfire smoke is just an annoyance, causing burning eyes, scratchy throats or chest discomfort that all disappear when the smoke clears.But doctors, scientists and public health officials are concerned that the changing face of wildfires will pose a much broader health hazard."Wildfire season used to be June to late September. Now it seems to be happening all year round. We need to be adapting to that," Dr. Wayne Cascio, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cardiologist, said this week.In an overview published earlier this year, Cascio wrote that the increasing frequency of large wildland fires, urban expansion into wooded areas and an aging population are all increasing the number of people at risk for health problems from fires.Wood smoke contains some of the same toxic chemicals as urban air pollution, along with tiny particles of vapor and soot 30 times thinner than a human hair. These can infiltrate the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation and blood vessel damage even in healthy people, research on urban air pollution has shown. Studies have linked heart attacks and cancer with long-term exposure to air pollution.Whether exposure to wildfire smoke carries the same risks is uncertain, and determining harm from smog versus wildfire smoke can be tricky, especially with wind-swept California wildfires spreading thick smoke hundreds of miles away into smoggy big cities."That is the big question," said Dr. John Balmes, a University of California, San Francisco, professor of medicine who studies air pollution."Very little is known about the long-term effects of wildfire smoke because it's hard to study populations years after a wildfire," Balmes said.Decreased lung function has been found in healthy firefighters during fire season. They tend to recover but federal legislation signed this year will establish a U.S. registry tracking firefighters and potential risks for various cancers, including lung cancer. Some previous studies suggested a risk.Balmes noted that increased lung cancer rates have been found in women in developing countries who spend every day cooking over wood fires.That kind of extreme exposure doesn't typically happen with wildfires, but experts worry about the kinds of health damage that may emerge for firefighters and residents with these blazes occurring so often.Whether that includes more cancer is unknown. "We're concerned about that," Balmes said.Regular folks breathing in all that smoke worry about the risks too.Smoke from the fire that decimated the Northern California city of Paradise darkened skies this week in San Francisco, nearly 200 miles southwest, and the air smelled "like you were camping," said Michael Northover, a contractor.He and his 14-year-old son have first-time sinus infections that Northover blames on the smoke."We're all kind of feeling it," Northover said.The smoke was so thick in San Francisco, the skyline was barely visible from across the Bay. The city's iconic open-air cable cars that are popular with tourists were pulled off the streets Thursday because of the bad air.An Environmental Protection Agency website said air quality in Sacramento was "hazardous" Thursday and San Francisco's was "very unhealthy." Many people walking around the cities wore face masks.Most schools in San Francisco, Sacramento, Oakland and Folsom said they would be closed Friday. At least six universities in Northern California canceled classes Thursday.At Chico State University, 11 miles (18 kilometers) from Paradise, ash fell this week and classes were canceled until after Thanksgiving."It's kind of freaky to see your whole town wearing air masks and trying to get out of smoke," said freshman Mason West, 18. "You can see the particles. Obviously, it's probably not good to be breathing that stuff in."West returned home this week to Santa Rosa, hard hit by last year's wine country fires, only to find it shrouded in smoke from the Paradise fire 100 miles (160 kilometers) away. West's family had to evacuate last year for a week, but their home was spared."It's as bad here as it was in Chico," West said. "It almost feels like you just can't get away from it."Smoke has been so thick in Santa Rosa that researchers postponed a door-to-door survey there for a study of health effects of last year's fire."We didn't feel we could justify our volunteer interns going knocking on doors when all the air quality alerts were saying stay indoors," said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, a public health researcher at the University of California, Davis. The study includes an online survey of households affected by last year's fire, with responses from about 6,000 people so far.Preliminary data show widespread respiratory problems, eye irritations, anxiety, depression and sleep problems around the time of the fire and months later."Conventional thinking is that these effects related to fires are transient. It's not entirely clear that's the case," Hertz-Picciotto said.Researchers also will be analyzing cord blood and placentas collected from a few dozen women who were pregnant during the fire, seeking evidence of stress markers or exposure to smoke chemicals.They hope to continue the study for years, seeking evidence of long-term physical and emotional harms to fire evacuees and their children.Other studies have linked emotional stress in pregnant women to developmental problems in their children and "this was quite a stress," Hertz-Picciotto said.It's a kind of stress that many people need to prepare for as the climate warms and wildfires proliferate, she said."Any of us could wake up tomorrow and lose everything we own," she said. "It's pretty scary."___Follow AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner at https://twitter.com/LindseyTanner . Her work can be found here .___The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives supportfrom the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 7036

Starbucks announced Friday that it would be providing its baristas with Black Lives Matter T-shirts."Black Lives Matter. We continue to listen to our partners and communities and their desire to stand for justice together," the coffee chain tweeted Friday. "The Starbucks Black Partner Network co-designed t-shirts with this graphic that will soon be sent to 250,000+ store partners."Starbucks' decision to provide employees with Black Lives Matter shirts comes days after BuzzFeed reported that employees were told they were prohibited from wearing apparel with the slogan at work.According to BuzzFeed, a corporate memo was sent out in response to some managers' inquiries about allowing employees to wear BLM apparel that stated that the movement "could be misunderstood and potentially incite violence."Starbucks reportedly classified Black Lives Matter apparel in the same category as "religious or political personal accessories." However, Starbucks has provided employees with branded LGBTQ-themed shirts for Pride month in the past and encouraged employees to wear them at work.The ban on Black Lives Matter apparel came as Starbucks pushed messages supportive of the movement on social media. 1209

So devastated about the loss of some of the finest resorts in Napa. This is the iconic MEADOWOOD pic.twitter.com/UqRR5t5IJQ— Jim Dobson (@TheLuxeWorld) September 29, 2020 178

SPRING HILL, Fla. -- A Florida mother was arrested on Wednesday after deputies say she left her 3-year-old son home alone while she went out drinking. Hernando County deputies responded a home in Spring Hill after receiving a tip that a child was at the home without supervision. Deputies attempted to contact the 3-year-old boy around 2 a.m. on Wednesday. When deputies arrived they saw Kristen Broker, 27, being dropped off at the home. The deputy asked Broker if she knew the child. Broker told the deputy that he was her son. The deputy then asked if she knew whether or not the child was in the home alone.Deputies say that Broker told them that she knew the child was home alone. She told them that he was sleeping inside.Deputies found the young boy awake inside the home. He was in a queen sized bed with no guardrails, according to HCSO. "[The boy] appeared to be scared as to where his mother was," HCSO wrote in a press release.Deputies say that the only other adult who lives at the home was Broker's boyfriend, who was at work.Broker told deputies that she was at a local bar. Deputies say she appeared to be extremely intoxicated. She told deputies that she had been drinking since 1 p.m. on Tuesday, according to HCSO.Broker said she had consumed some rum and cokes and some beers, according to HCSO. Deputies say that she claimed she was only gone for "30 minutes," and that her son was asleep when she left.The child was clearly awake when deputies arrived at the home.Deputies say that Broker appeared almostBroker didn't appear to think it was an issue to leave her child home for any amount of time, according to the arrest affidavit.Broker was arrested on one count of child neglect, booked into the Hernando County Jail under a ,000 bond. The child was turned over to the father's care.Mary Stringini is a digital reporter for ABC Action News. Follow her on Twitter @MaryWFTS. 1983

Senate Republicans released their own version of a tax plan Thursday, and it varies just enough from the House's bill to set the two chambers up for a dramatic showdown over tax policy in upcoming weeks.As they emerged from a closed-door briefing, senators laid out some of the details Thursday.According to Sen. John Hoeven, a Republican from North Dakota, the Senate tax bill includes more individual tax brackets than the House bill (seven instead of four). Hoeven also said that the Senate bill fully repeals the state and local tax deduction, which has become a must-save item for moderate Republicans in the House. The House bill repealed the deduction for state and local income and sales taxes, but preserved the property tax deduction up to ,000 to assuage concerns from New York and New Jersey Republicans.But the differences don't end there. While the House bill eventually repealed the estate tax in its entirety, the Senate bill won't repeal the tax, members said, but instead will limit the number of families affected by it.RELATED: CBO says GOP tax plan would increase deficit by .7 trillion The Senate bill also maintains a provision to allow individuals to write off medical expenses that exceed a certain amount of their income, something the House bill scrapped entirely. The issue has become a major flashpoint in the debate in the House, and Hoeven acknowledged that watching the fights play out in the House helped inform the Senate bill."Look, as we hear things from our constituents and analyze them, it's helped us," Hoeven said.Republican senators were briefed on their legislation Thursday morning just as House Republicans were preparing to vote their own bill out of committee Thursday afternoon.Most members emerging from the meeting said that the Senate bill was at the very least a step in the right direction."The conversation, the negotiation will continue until we arrive on consensus," Sen. Ted Cruz, a Republican from Texas, said of the initial plan he saw in the conference. "This is an ongoing discussion."Republicans on both sides of the Capitol have laid out an aggressive timeline to pass their tax bills out of both chambers. The ultimate goal is to have a tax cut bill on the President desk before the end of the year.Senate Republicans unveiled their plan just days after Democrats swept state races in New Jersey and Virginia -- an election GOP members said was a wake-up call that their party needs to pass at least one major legislative accomplishment or else face electoral backlash in the midterms."If we don't produce, it'll get worse," Sen. Lindsey Graham, a Republican from South Carolina told CNN. "The antidote to this problem is to pass a tax cut that Americans believe helps them and their families, to replace a broken health care system with something better. And if we do those things, I think we'll do fine in the fall."Senators are especially feeling the weight of the task ahead. Unlike the House where after fits and starts the party eventually came together to overhaul Obamacare, the Senate failed to pass a repeal of the Affordable Care Act this summer and members are emphatic that they cannot afford to be 0-2 heading into the 2018 midterms, no matter how good the map looks for them.Senators are constrained in a way that House tax writers technically aren't. Under Senate rules, the Senate finance committee must produce a tax plan that doesn't increase the deficit by any more than .5 trillion over the next decade.That is part of the reason that Senate Republicans are considering phasing in a new corporate rate of 20% rather than starting it right off the bat, which is expensive. While President Donald Trump has been clear he wants to see a corporate tax rate reduction from 35% to 20% immediately, the cost may be too great."We haven't made that decision ultimately on that delay," said South Carolina Sen. Tim Scott. "There's a lot of pressure to do it now."Some Senate Republicans Including Florida's Marco Rubio have also lobbied to increase the child tax credit to ,000 up from the increase to ,600 in the House bill. And Sen. Susan Collins of Maine has lobbied the committee not to fully repeal the estate tax, which the House bill repeals after 2023."The bill is going to be released either tomorrow or Friday. Until it is, I've been asked not to comment on the specifics," Collins said. "But it certainly is true I've expressed reservations about having complete repeal of the estate tax."Another major change in the Senate bill could be a full repeal of the state and local tax -- also known as SALT -- deduction.SALT, as it's known on Capitol Hill, became a major touchstone in the US House where more than a dozen Republicans from high tax states like New Jersey and New York fought to preserve at least a core part of the tax write off. After a handful of closed-door meetings in the House, Ways and Means Chairman Kevin Brady announced he'd preserve the tax deduction for property taxes up to ,000, but that deductions on income or sales taxes would be repealed.However, unlike the House where the GOP's majority is dependent on a handful of members from swing districts in blue states where property taxes are high, most of the Republican senators hail from lower-tax states that are more solidly Republican and less dependent on the SALT deduction.Still, House Republicans are warning that a full repeal of SALT could be trouble for passing the tax bill through the full Congress."I will be very clear. Repealing the state and local tax deduction is just not a policy that will make its way through the House side. The Senate indications that they may potentially do that, I just don't see how that math works to get to tax reform," said Rep. Tom Reed, a Republican from New York.Reed said he'd been talking to senators about the issue."I think it's very clear. You have 73 Republicans from the House that come from high-tax states. If you go down the path of trying to repeal the entire state and local tax in the Senate, than that is just not going to work," he said.Adding to the complications for the Senate is the margins by which Senate Republicans have to pass a tax bill. Majority Leader Mitch McConnell can only afford to lose two of his own senators if he is going to pass the bill along party lines.There is some effort to bring Democrats on board, but after a closed-door meeting in the Library of Congress Tuesday afternoon between a handful of Democrats, White House legislative director Marc Short and White House economic adviser Gary Cohn, Democrats were still waiting to see how the process would move forward before committing to sign on. During the meeting, Trump called in from Asia to try and sell Democrats on the plan, telling them he'd be a "big loser" if the GOP plan is signed into law."If they put this bill out Friday and then try to jam it on Monday, move it through ... it's not real bipartisanship," warned Ohio Democratic Sen. Sherrod Brown.Overall, Republicans are still optimistic that they can shepherd their bill through committee and pass it on the floor."I feel different than with healthcare," said Kansas Sen. Jerry Moran. "That there's a greater likelihood that involves passage of tax reform."As to how they will settle what could be grave differences between the House and the Senate bill?"I think this process is a healthy one. We're going to look to improve out bill at every step in the way. We hope the Senate passes their very best version of tax reform, as well," Brady told CNN's Phil Mattingly in an exclusive interview Wednesday. "What I'm confident of (is) we will reconcile and find common ground in the end." 7682

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