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WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

BEIJING, Aug. 1 (Xinhua) -- The after-tax CIF (cost, insurance and freight) price of China's jet fuel imports has been set at 7,768 yuan (1,206 U.S. dollars) per metric ton for August, China's economic planner said on Monday.The price adjustment marked the first time for the economic planner to adjust jet fuel prices on a monthly basis after it announced jet fuel pricing reforms in July, according to a notice posted on the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)'s website.The NDRC announced on July 7 that it would introduce a market-oriented jet fuel pricing mechanism starting from Aug. 1.Under the new mechanism, the ex-plant price of jet fuel is required to be no higher than the after-tax CIF price of jet fuel imports from Singapore, Asia's largest oil trading and storage center.Taking transportation expenses, trade volumes and international crude oil prices into account, the jet fuel premium is negotiable between jet fuel sellers and buyers and will be reviewed once a year, while jet fuel ex-plant prices will be adjusted on the first day of every month, according to the NDRC.

BEIJING, Sep. 1 (Xinhuanet) -- A campaign is being launched across U.S. to help lovers of sugar drinks reduce their habit by the Center for Science in the Public Interest.This campaign is based on the findings of a new survey conducted by CDC (Centers for Disease Control)."Men drink more than women, and teens and young adults drink the most," said Cynthia L. Ogden who is an epidemiologist at the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics.The campaign is called "Life's Sweeter with Fewer Sugary Drinks." And it aims to decrease intake of soda and sugary drinks down to the American Heart Association recommendation of fewer than three cans per person per week.Sugary drink intake in the U.S. has increased over the last 30 years, which has been linked with weight gain, obesity, poor diet, and type 2 diabetes.So far, the cities signing on include Boston, Chicago and Los Angeles.

BEIJING, Sep. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Government incentives are important to pave a low-carbon road to economic growth, but companies that improve their industry models and technologies are the main players and also benefit receivers, noted officials and industry insiders at the Summer Davos forum held in Dalian on Sep 14."The most important thing is to have the right direction," said Gao Jifan, chairman and CEO of Trina Solar, a national leading solar panel manufacturer in China.According to Gao, new energy solutions such as solar power, is the "right direction" of future growth, although many deficiencies still exist today. "As long as we have the direction correct, we can succeed as last. But this also requires policies, technologies and investment," he said.Malini Mehra, founder and CEO of the Centre for Social Markets, a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability, said there are two ways in which the governments can support low-carbon businesses to continue along a "green" path."The first is to provide some means of recognizing their good work," she said. And the second is building a measuring system to "verify which company is actually doing well, not just talking about doing well".Preferential policies are only the foundation, said Gao. "We must have a good overall plan along with advanced technologies to bring value back to the investors."Gao envisions that most of the world’s families will have "zero-consumption" houses with energy supply and storage systems relying purely on solar power by 2020.Without grid limitations, the technology can be used everywhere in the world, especially in the less developed areas."The cost of solar technologies has been on the decline over the past few years because of policy incentives and innovations of companies around the world," said Gao.A solar panel producing one watt’s electricity cost in 2005, but now it is reduced to only .2 to .3, he explained."This is the result of technological innovations and large-scale manufacturing. And it makes us more confident to see the solar energy to become a major part of the energy system in the future."Being low-carbon also helps a company attract clients because it is the current fashion and customers are more likely to choose low-carbon products, noted Klaus Kleifeld, CEO of the US aluminum products maker Alcoa Inc."The generation that we recruit today has a very different social consciousness and standards," he said. "They want to see and only want to work for companies that are sustainable."

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- Observations from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed possible flowing water during the warmest months on Mars, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Thursday.Dark, finger-like features appear and extend down some Martian slopes during late spring through summer, fade in winter, and return during the next spring. Repeated observations have tracked the seasonal changes in these recurring features on several steep slopes in the middle latitudes of Mars' southern hemisphere."The best explanation for these observations so far is the flow of briny water," said Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona, Tucson.McEwen is the principal investigator for the orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and lead author of a report about the recurring flows to be published in Friday's edition of the journal Science.Seven such sites on the planet have been confirmed, with 20 more possible, McEwen said."What makes these new observations so interesting is they occur at much lower latitudes where temperatures are much warmer and where it's actually possible for liquid water to exist," said Arizona State University geophysicist Phil Christensen, one of the scientists who studied the images beamed back from the orbiter.The study does not prove water exists, but identifies it as the best explanation. It's worthwhile to think about alternative reasons for these observations, but none seems to fit as well as briny water, McEwen said."I think it's going to be laboratory experiments on Earth that give us the best confirmation or refutation," he said.