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BEIJING, May 4 (Xinhuanet) -- Children with autism have slightly bigger brains than children without the condition, a study suggests.The research published in the May issue of Archives of General Psychiatry noted the difference in the brain size appears related to increased rates of brain growth before age 2.The researchers from the University of North Carolina also pointed out that though the enlargement continues, the increased growth does not.In 2005, the researchers studied a group of 2-year-old children, and found out the ones with autism had brains that were 5% to 10% larger than children without it.Now the researchers assessed the same group of children at age 5, the psychiatrists re-scanned the brains of 38 children with autism and 21 without the condition. The autistic children still had slightly larger brains, but they had grown at the same rate as the comparison group.This finding could lead to a better understanding of the genes that drive autism, which, in turn, could lead to earlier identification and treatment of the disorder, said study researcher Joseph Piven, MD, according to media report.

WASHINGTON, April 3 (Xinhua) -- In the largest study of its kind, researchers from a consortium led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the University of Miami, and the Boston University School of Medicine, identified four new genes linked to Alzheimer's disease. The findings appeared Sunday in the current issue of Nature Genetics.Each gene individually adds to the risk of having this common form of dementia later in life. These new genes offer a portal into what causes Alzheimer's disease and is a major advance in the field.The study, conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, reports genetic analysis of more than 11,000 people with Alzheimer's disease and a nearly equal number of elderly people who have no symptoms of dementia. Three other consortia contributed confirming data from additional people, bringing the total number of people analyzed to over 54,000. The consortium also contributed to the identification of a fifth gene reported by other groups of investigators from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and other European countries.The study is the result of a large collaborative effort with investigators from 44 universities and research institutions in the United States, led by Gerard Schellenberg at University of Pennsylvania."This is the culmination of years of work on Alzheimer's disease by a large number of scientists, yet it is just the beginning in defining how genes influence memory and intellectual function as we age. We are all tremendously excited by our progress so far, but much remains to be done, both in understanding the genetics and in defining how these genes influence the disease process," Schellenberg said.Until recently, only four genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's have been confirmed, with the gene for apolipoprotein E-e4, APOE-e4, having the largest effect on risk. The Nature Genetics studies add another four -- MS4A, CD2AP, CD33, and EPHA1 -- and contribute to identifying and confirming two other genes, BIN1 and ABCA7, thereby doubling the number of genes known to contribute Alzheimer's disease.

CANBERRA, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Scientists on Thursday expressed disappointment to the decision to cancel the long-running Australian Science Festival in Canberra.The festival has been operating during August for the past 19 years with free and ticketed science education activities.However, the festival organizers on Wednesday announced to halt this year's program after failing to secure support from the Australian Capital Territory state government in time to arrange events.According to Australian Science Communicators president, Jesse Shore, thousands of school children have attended the festival over its history to learn more about science as a career."It's encouraged other activities to join it, it was very important in getting National Science Week started, and that's stimulated a lot of other science communication activities," he told ABC News on Thursday.Shore said the decision to close it down is unfortunate as the event has been very influential and instrumental promoting science communications activities.He said he hopes that a number of people would gather together in a new partnership, with new ideas and hopefully a new funding base.

BEIJING, May 11 (Xinhuanet) -- New retirees suddenly confronted with plenty of time on their hands might be happy to learn that reading keeps one mentally alert and abreast of current aff airs, says Ursula Lenz of Germany's working group of senior citizens' organizations, BAGSO.Growing old can present difficulties such as failing eyesight or problems concentrating, but experts encourage the elderly not to give up on reading and to adapt to their situation.From the perspective of health professionals, there are many advantages to reading books or newspapers for senior citizens.Reading helps the elderly keep a sharp mind. The ability to transform words into mental images is good for cognitive performance. Reading also improves vocabulary, language use and the ability to concentrate, according to Simone Helck from the Kuratorium Deutsche Altershilfe, an organization in Germany that helps promote and develop strategies for taking care of the elderly.So, what exactly happens in the brain when we read?"The brain builds new synapses, junctions between the neurons, when it's stimulated such as during reading," says Manfred Gogol, a physician and president of Germany's Society for Gerontology and Geriatrics.Gogol recommends reading books that deal with subjects that are of special interest to the reader. If a long novel seems like too much work, then try a novella or collection of short stories.But a prerequisite for reading is that any sight defect is corrected by an optician.In response to the needs of elderly people, publishers print books with large typefaces and bigger line spacing. Lenz says it is worthwhile asking for large print books in libraries and bookshops.But no matter what the reading matter is, another important aspect is being able to exchange opinions about a book with other people. Whether it's a society magazine, highbrow literature or a daily newspaper, there is always something to talk about.

CAIRO, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- As part of bilateral efforts to enhance cultural cooperation between the two great civilizations, China, as the Guest of Honor, will participate in the 43rd Cairo International Book Fair in Egypt."An outstanding Chinese delegation will attend the fair to inform the Egyptian people all about Chinese culture," said Chen Dongyun, cultural counsellor of the Chinese Embassy in Egypt.Some 248 publishers, 13 renowned scholars, writers and artists will display about 10,000 books about the achievements made by China in various fields such as politics, economy, science and technology, and culture.The fair, the most important of its kind in the Arab region, will be held on Jan. 29 through Feb. 8 in the Cairo International Conference Center. The annual fair began in 1969.The Chinese hall in the center covers an area of 1,400 square meters, with special areas allocated for a variety of exhibitions about the history of the evolution of Chinese characters, photos reflecting Sino-Egypt friendship and landscape of modern China and intangible cultural heritage.The fair also includes a seminar featuring literature and translation among Chinese and Egyptian writers and artists and a week-long film show in which six Chinese films with Arabic subtitles will be introduced to the audience.Chinese participation reflected the common consensus of the leaders of the two countries to deepen mutual understanding and friendship and will serve to promote the sound and sustainable development of bilateral relations, Chen said.Zhang Jichen, vice president of China National Publications Import and Export (Group) Corporation, which is in charge of the organization of the Chinese activities at the fair, said a cooperation agreement between the General Administration of Press and Publication of China and Egypt's Ministry of Culture.China will also present some 1,000 high-quality books to the National Library and Archives of Egypt and the Alexandria Library.The fair is expected to attract 632 publishers from 29 countries, including 17 in the Middle East. More than two million visitors participate in the fair each year.

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