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BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- Lending to China's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) rose faster than loans to large enterprises last year, according to the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank.Outstanding loans to small enterprises by banks and financial institutions jumped 29.3 percent year on year to 7.55 trillion yuan (1.15 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2010, while loans to medium-sized enterprises stood at 10.13 trillion yuan, up 17.8 percent, said the PBOC.Outstanding loans to large enterprises rose 13.3 percent to 13.42 trillion yuan, highlighting the government's efforts to optimize the loan structure, the PBOC said.About 99 percent of Chinese enterprises are SMEs which contribute 60 percent of the country's gross domestic product.Financing has long been difficult for Chinese SMEs as banks prefer to lend to big companies, particularly reputable state-owned enterprises.The government has moved to help SMEs get finance by differentiating the reserve requirement ratio for the Rural Credit Cooperative, the major lender to SMEs, and encouraging innovation in SME bond issuance.In July last year, the PBOC asked financial institutions to establish independent criteria for approving loans to SMEs and to improve efficiency in processing SME loan applications.The PBOC said SME loan growth would continue to accelerate this year.

JERUSALEM, May 8 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researcher Jacob (Koby) Scheuer, from the Tel Aviv University (TAU) School of Electrical Engineering, has developed a nano-scale gyroscope, the Ha'aretz daily reported Sunday.Scheuer developed a new optic-fiber nano-sensor four years ago, along with an optic gyroscope that works in conjunction with the sensor. As he developed the devices, it occurred to him that his discovery could be harnessed to surgical needs, virtual reality, or communications, said the report."What we developed here is an optic gyroscope," Scheuer told Xinhua in a recent interview on Sunday, "like the others, but the breakthrough is that we found a way to measure rotation in a very, very small device using the optic sensor."Optic gyroscopes emit light when they rotate, and change its wavelength when there is any change in the speed of rotation, making it possible to measure velocity and position by the differences in light.Scheuer's gyroscope, however, is so small in comparison to the others commonly used in planes, trains and vehicles, that it can be used in cell phones or watches and does not need satellite connection like the ubiquitous Global Positioning System.The applications of this gyroscope and optic sensor are almost endless, as Scheuer puts it."It can be a pill that you swallow and can move through your body to take pictures or release drugs in a localized area," the researcher explained, "or it can be used by a doctor to operate on a patient who is thousands of kilometers away.""Our gyroscope has complete independent navigation capability, which the others don't have," he stressed.Though the new optic gyroscope works in theory, it still hasn't been tried in out in reality. "It will take some time until we can empirically demonstrate our work, I would say about three to five years," Scheuer added.Alongside the gyroscope, Scheuer continues to work on the optic sensor, whose applications can also be found in security, such as an information security system developed by Scheuer to safeguard online information that acts as a key bearer."When both parties have 'the key' it's virtually impossible to hack the information sent," Scheuer noted, terming the development as a "total paradigm change."

WELLINGTON, May 13 (Xinhua) -- While it's long been known that a little sunshine can spread happiness, researchers in New Zealand have found that it can also save the lives of pneumonia patients.Medical scientists have found that vitamin D, which is absorbed through the skin and produced with exposure to sunlight, is a major factor in the survival rate of pneumonia patients.Researchers at Waikato University collaborated with doctors at Waikato Hospital, both Hamilton-based institutions, to study blood samples of 112 patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia during the winter.They found that those with severe vitamin D deficiency 17 of the patients were more likely to die within a month, compared with patients with normal or slightly low vitamin D levels.Dr Bob Hancox, of the hospital's department of respiratory medicine, said five of the 17 died, a 29-percent mortality rate, compared with four deaths among the 95 patients with higher vitamin D levels, a 4-percent mortality rate."The analysis confirmed that the difference in mortality rates between the two groups was very unlikely to be due to chance," Hancox told Xinhua.Vitamin D deficiency was a concern around the world, Hancox said."Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D, so it tends to be a winter problem in temperate climates when people spend a lot of time indoors. But it occurs in all countries and vitamin D deficiency is believed to be a major problem worldwide."There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, such as pneumonia as we have shown, as well as improve bone health," he told Xinhua."What is not yet clear is whether we can do anything about it. We don't know whether treating people with vitamin D supplements would help to prevent or treat respiratory infections. This is what we need to find out now."Dr Ray Cursons, of the Biological Sciences department at Waikato University, said patient age, sex, additional health conditions, and other prognostic factors did not affect the research outcome, although researchers still could not establish a causal link between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in the patients.Waikato Hospital D respiratory specialist Dr Noel Karalus said it was not yet known whether giving patients vitamin D supplements after their admission to hospital with respiratory tract infections would alter outcomes."It may transpire that vitamin D helps us avoid infection rather than cure it once established."Cursons said the best source of vitamin D was sunlight as dietary sources such as fatty fish and cod liver oil did not contain enough vitamin D."There is still some controversy regarding the optimal daily allowance of vitamin D. How much we absorb through the skin depends on sun exposure, skin type and geographical latitude. M ori and Pacific Islanders absorb less because of their darker skin, and people in colder climates also have lower levels of vitamin D. "Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide, killing an estimated 1.6 million children under the age of five each year, according to the World Health Organization.The research findings are published in the journal Respirology, published by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, this month.

NEW DELHI, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Doctors in India have claimed to have successfully performed a rare robotic heart surgery on a 23- year-old person at a hospital in the southern Indian city of Chennai, local media reported Saturday.Dr. R. Ravi Kumar, the Director of the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease at the Chettinad Health City, said the robotically assisted procedure involved replacing both the mitral and the aortal valve simultaneously.The surgery carried out on D. Vijayakanth, an auto driver from Vellore, was done by a three armed robot, took four hours and cost 225,000 rupees (4,500 U.S. dollars)."The best part about using a robot in cardiac surgery is that the patient's heart need not be opened and the surgery can be done using a small 4cm incision. This is not possible with normal surgeries without a robot," Dr Ravi Kumar was quoted by local daily The Times of India as saying.Robotic surgery, which is fairly new in the country, can be used for a gamut of medical procedures, said Dr Ravi Kumar."It requires a lot of precision and intense training because though the robotic hands do the surgery, it has to be controlled by a trained surgeon. One of the biggest disadvantages is the lack of sensory perception which is there when the surgeon actually does the surgery himself," he said.

LOS ANGELES, April 11 (Xinhua) -- Drinking 100-percent fruit juice may offer disease-fighting benefits, a new study suggests.Fruit juice is linked with reduced risk of cancer, improved markers of heart health and cognitive decline, and increased antioxidant activity, according to the study published on Monday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).These protective health benefits are similar to those of whole fruits, said the study, conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis.The researchers came to the conclusion after summarizing recent research data on the potential benefits of fruit juice. The review included a range of study types, from in vitro to clinical trials (60 papers total), all published in 2005 or later.Among the fruit juices included in the review, consumption of apple, citrus, cranberry, grape, and pomegranate juices all showed beneficial effects. Markers of improved health ranged from reductions in urinary tract infections (cranberry) to improvements in age-related cognitive decline (grape and apple) to reduced risk of prostate (pomegranate) and respiratory and digestive (orange, grapefruit) cancers. Additionally, intake of all juices was linked to heightened antioxidant activity."While it is universally accepted that fruit and vegetable intake is protective, there is not a clear consensus about the benefits of consuming the juices that are extracted from them," said study lead author Dianne Hyson, PhD. "An analysis of the scientific evidence suggests that 100 percent fruit juices retain important bioactive components that may promote good health and aid in disease prevention."