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BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- When the 18 farmers in east China's Anhui Province, their bellies rumbling, stamped red fingerprints on the land-contracting agreement three decades ago, they never expected they might be making history."We had no other choice," said 70-year-old Yan Lixue. Prior to World Food Day this Saturday, he recalled the bitterness and successes from those past days.The elderly man used to be head of the production team at Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County.At that time, Fengyang was dubbed the "hometown of beggars", and was infamous for its poverty. It was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor (1368-98) of the Ming Dynasty. Ironically, Zhu, started as an insurrectionary army leader, though he used to be a beggar, too. The local opera in Fengyang was said to be sung for begging, at the beginning.With stubble on his square chin, Yan said his only memory of those days was hunger."At that time, we ate from the 'big cooking pot'," he recalled. The "big cooking pot" referred to the public kitchen. Establishment of the Peoples' Commune was made official state policy in 1958. In the Commune, everything was shared and people were encouraged to eat in the commune's kitchen. Private cooking was then banned and replaced by communal dining.But the food from the "big cooking pot" was not enough. In Yan's memory, the days were horrible when there were fewer than 0.25 kilograms of grain per person."Sometimes people ate wild herbs or bark from the trees," he said.As a result, 67 people died of hunger during the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 when six out of over 30 households in Xiaogang disappeared. In Fengyang, 90,000 people, or one in four people, died."Sometimes you would see a person tumble and never stand up again," Yan said.The nightmare was shared by another villager, Guan Youjiang."I had four children. When they cried with hunger, my heart ached," he recalled. In his home there were only pots and beds.Yan went out to beg in 1976. At first he begged in nearby Huaiyuan County, and then roamed further to the richer Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.He then refused to lead the production team any more. "The young people mostly went out to beg and few were left to work on the field."In fact, they were not allowed to beg all year long. "We took turns going out. There had to be someone working for the village."Realizing that they could starve to death, Yan believed that they had nothing to lose, although "signing the land contracting agreement could mean severe penalties, like imprisonment or even execution," he said.

SHANGHAI, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- A total of 1.03 million people visited the Shanghai World Exposition on Saturday, a record number since the Expo opened. The total number also exceeded an earlier record.The Expo had received some 64.62 million visitors by the end of Saturday, the 169th day since the event began on May 1. The previous record was set during the 1970 Osaka World Expo in Japan, which about 64 million people attended over a six month period.Attendance may be increasing since this is the first weekend after the week-long National Day holiday and the second to last weekend before the final seven designated days from Oct. 25-31.Since early this morning, the Expo' s public transportation system has been under great pressure as visitors have been seen throughout the Expo site.Visitors needed to queue up for more than one hour before being admitted to most pavilions. Some popular pavilions, including the Oil Pavilion and Space Home Pavilion, stopped visitors from queuing up by 4 or 5 p.m. because of the large crowds.Many visitors could only walk around, take pictures outside of pavilions, or have picnics at rest area. Further, all parades were canceled due to the large number of visitors.Zhou Qian and Dai Shishi from Hangzhou described the long queues as "horrible". But Zhou said she had been prepared for the situation as they visited seven pavilions, including the Egyptian and Spanish pavilions.A visitor surnamed Zhang and her daughter, a high school student in Shanghai, entered the site at 11 a.m. but had only visited three pavilions by 6:30 p.m."And all of them are small ones. It's not a proper time to come, but it's not easy for my daughter to be free," Zhang said.A series of measures have been taken to deal with the situation, according to the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo.When the number exceeded 700,000 visitors, organizers made announcements to visitors through the World Expo official website, TV Station, mobile televisions, and telecommunication operators.Visitors were persuaded to avoid peak times on televisions seen on subways in the morning, and in the afternoons they were advised not to continue entering the site today.

BEIJING, Sept. 8 (Xinhua) - A senior Chinese leader has urged governments and people in Heilongjiang Province, an industrial and grain production base of China, to tap its unique potentials for a "leapfrog development."He Guoqiang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on Wednesday wrapped up his six-day inspection tour in the northeastern province.He urged the province to speed up the transformation of the economic growth pattern, maintain a stable and relatively rapid development and rejuvenate the old industrial base.Great importance should be attached to boosting innovation and sharpening the competitive edge of local products, He said during his visit to two major industrial enterprises.Also, land-reclamation enterprises should promote agricultural development in an intensive and specialized way, said He while touring the Beidahuang land-reclamation districtHe urged government departments to ramp up measures to prevent pollution and forest fires while inspecting the Daxinganling forestry district.He also insisted that local authorities improve infrastructure construction as well as people' s living conditions to further promote the integration of cities and the countryside.He, who is in charge of disciplinary work in the CPC Central Committee, asked local disciplinary and supervisory officials to promote clean governance and intensify the fight against corruption.

BEIJING, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- After several similar criminal cases led to greatly varying punishments triggering public concerns, Chinese courts are adopting a series of measures to ensure uniform standards for sentencing criminals.On Oct. 1, two documents that instruct judges on uniform procedures for sentence measurements will be put into use in all Chinese courts, which is said to be a "major reform" for the country's legal system regarding criminal prosecution.According to the new procedures, courts should first set up a penalty baseline for a criminal case based upon basic criminal facts. Then additional punishments will be added according to the amount of money involved, the frequency of the defendants' violations, the consequences and other factors. At last, courts will adjust the results considering the case's overall nature and issue a final sentence.The move came after a series of similar drunk driving cases that led to greatly varying punishments.In July 2009, the Intermediate People's Court of Chengdu in southwestern Sichuan Province sentenced a drunk driver named Sun Weiming to death following an auto accident in which he was driving without a license and killed four people. In the second trial, the verdict was changed to life imprisonment.Sun's case was deemed as a crime against public security.However, one month later another drunk driver in central China's Henan Province only received a jail term of six years and six months for killing six and injuring seven people.That case was ruled to be a traffic accident crime."(The reform) is of significant importance for regulating judicial actions, providing uniform standards for law applications, promoting righteous and uncorrupted justice and boosting the authority and credibility of the country's courts," said Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), at a Thursday meeting."The Criminal Law only lays down a very wide range of sentences for certain types of crimes, and thus it is very difficult for prosecutors to give a specific sentence based on that," said SPC vice president Xiong Xuanguo in an exclusive interview with Xinhua Thursday.Xiong noted that different judges, given their different knowledge, manners and experience, will also have varied views on the same case.According to the documents, another major change is to introduce advice on sentence measurements from procuratorate organs, including the types and scopes of punishments and how to implement them.Also, courts are allowed to organize public prosecutors, parties involved, their defenders and legal representatives to offer their own advice on sentencing measurements.With the introduction of sentencing measurement advice from defenders, legal representatives and other parties involved, the new rules were expected to balance judges' considerable powers of discretion, said Professor Chen Weidong with the Renmin University of China.According to the SPC, since June last year more than 120 pilot Chinese courts have already been following the new procedures when prosecuting 45,000 criminal cases in 15 regular categories, including traffic accidents, robbery, theft, and drugs, among others.The trial practice has seen positive results as sentences among cases of similar natures and those in different regions were not as varied as before.The rate of appeals and change of sentences in second trials also dropped in these courts, according to Xiong.Meanwhile, Xiong sought to assure those concerned that the new rules would not excessively limit judges' powers as "the standards for sentence measurements, themselves, were made based on all prosecutors' discretion." < "If the measurement results are not appropriate, judges will still have the right to make certain adjustments," Xiong said, adding that local courts will also set down detailed sentence measures according to the characteristics of their regions."The reform is an inevitable process for China's criminal prosecution to transform from rough estimation to precise, scientific and canonical," Professor Chen said.

BEIJING, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's primary energy consumption will be kept to between 4 to 4.2 billion tonnes of standard coal by 2015, Jiang Bing, director of the development and planning department of the National Energy Administration (NEA), said on Saturday.Jiang made the remarks at a forum held by the energy research institute of the State Grid Corporation of China.Primary energy refers to existing natural energy which does not need processing, such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, biomass energy, hydropower, wind power, solar power and others.As China has adopted a low-carbon development strategy, the country plans to raise the non-fossil energies ratio in its total primary energy consumption to 15 percent by 2020, and carbon dioxide emissions per GDP would be reduced by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 from 2005 levels, Jiang said.Thus, primary energy consumption must be kept to below 4.2 billion tonnes in the next five-year plan (2011-2015) to achieve the two targets, Jiang said.China's per capita energy consumption now stands at 2.5 tonnes standard coal per capita and, if left uncontrolled, China might see its energy consumption top 7 billion tonnes of standard coal in 2030, Jiang said.However, he explained that despite the huge total amounts, the per capita energy consumption would only be equivalent to current levels in Japan.Thus, the nation's economic growth mode transformation is quite necessary and it would be a strategic choice for China to control its total energy consumption in the 15 years, Jiang said.China's primary energy consumption topped 3.07 billion tonnes of standard coal in 2009, up 30 percent from 2005, according to the NEA.

来源：资阳报