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BEIJING, Sept. 21 (Xinhuanet) -- China will launch an unmanned module next week, paving the way for a planned space station, a spokesman for the space program said on Tuesday.Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace 1", will blast off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province between Sept 27 and 30, the spokesman said.The 8.5-ton module, and the Long March II-F rocket that will carry it skyward, were positioned onto the launch pad on Tuesday, signaling that the project has entered the final preparation stage."Scientists will conduct final tests in the next few days before injecting propellants for the launch," Cui Jijun, director of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, said.The program spokesman said that Tiangong-1 will serve as "a target spacecraft" for rendezvous and docking experiments.It will also work as "a platform to test long-term unmanned and short-term manned operations", he said.Technical and medical experiments will provide crucial data ahead of the building of the space station (scheduled for 2020).Three rendezvous and docking experiments will be conducted.An unmanned Shenzhou-VIII craft will be launched later this year to dock with Tiangong-1. In 2012, Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X will blast off to complete at least one manned docking.Jiao Weixin, a space scientist at Peking University, said that rendezvous and docking - vital maneuvers for manned programs - are hard to master."Rendezvous and docking are difficult because it is like asking two racing cars to keep a distance of 1 meter between them," he said.The mission requires two craft, traveling at speeds of 28,000 km/h, to enter the same orbit and connect with precision, he said.The China Manned Space Engineering Office rescheduled the launch of Tiangong-1 after the failed launch of an experimental orbiter last month.The spokesman said that the carrier rocket to blast off with Tiangong-1 atop has been modified.Only the United States and Russia have mastered rendezvous and docking technology, said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine Space International.Spacecraft developed by Europe and Japan have utilized US and Russian technology to dock with the International Space Station, he added.

WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Women who have higher levels of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin have fewer symptoms of depression, and this apparent inverse relationship is not related to body mass index (BMI), a new study finds. The results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Society's 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston, the United States."Animal data suggest that leptin may reduce anxiety and improve depression. Our study in women suggests that leptin may indeed have antidepressant qualities," said the study's lead author, Elizabeth Lawson, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.Leptin, the product of fat cells, signals satiety, or fullness. It is low in thin women and high in obese women, according to Lawson. She also said there is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in certain conditions in which leptin levels are typically low. These include the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, in which there is abnormally low weight and body fat, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, in which women have stopped menstruating despite having normal weight."It is unknown whether low leptin levels contribute to the development of mood disorders in these women," Lawson said.She and her co-workers studied the relationship between leptin levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 64 women. Fifteen of the women had anorexia nervosa, 12 were normal weight with hypothalamic amenorrhea, 20 were normal weight and in good health, and 17 were overweight or obese but still healthy.All subjects were asked questions to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, with high scores indicating more symptoms. Besides measuring leptin levels in the blood, the researchers assessed the women's BMI, a measure of weight for height.The relationship between leptin and depression symptoms was independent of BMI. This finding indicates that leptin may mediate symptoms of depression and that this effect is not a function of low weight, Lawson said."Further research administering leptin to humans will be important in understanding whether this hormone has a potential role in the treatment of depression," she said.

LOS ANGELES, June 23 (Xinhua) -- The sun and its inner planets may have formed differently than previously thought, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday.Data revealed differences between the sun and planets in oxygen and nitrogen, which are two of the most abundant elements in our solar system, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.Although the difference is slight, the implications could help determine how our solar system evolved, JPL said.NASA researchers drew the conclusion after analyzing samples returned by NASA's 2004 Genesis mission, according to JPL.The air on Earth contains three different kinds of oxygen atoms which are differentiated by the number of neutrons they contain. Nearly 100 percent of oxygen atoms in the solar system are composed of O-16, but there are also tiny amounts of more exotic oxygen isotopes called O-17 and O-18. Researchers studying the oxygen of Genesis samples found that the percentage of O-16 in the sun is slightly higher than on Earth or on other terrestrial planets. The other isotopes' percentages were slightly lower."We found that Earth, the moon, as well as Martian and other meteorites which are samples of asteroids, have a lower concentration of the O-16 than does the sun," said Kevin McKeegan, a Genesis co-investigator from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the lead author of one of two papers published this week in Science journal. "The implication is that we did not form out of the same solar nebula materials that created the sun -- just how and why remains to be discovered." Another paper detailed differences between the sun and planets in the element nitrogen. Like oxygen, nitrogen has one isotope, N- 14, that makes up nearly 100 percent of the atoms in the solar system, but there is also a tiny amount of N-15. Researchers studying the same samples saw that when compared to Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen in the sun and Jupiter has slightly more N-14, but 40 percent less N-15. Both the sun and Jupiter appear to have the same nitrogen composition. As is the case for oxygen, Earth and the rest of the inner solar system are very different in nitrogen."These findings show that all solar system objects including the terrestrial planets, meteorites and comets are anomalous compared to the initial composition of the nebula from which the solar system formed," said Bernard Marty, a Genesis co- investigator from Petrographic and Geochemical Research Center in Fracne and the lead author of the other new Science paper. " Understanding the cause of such a heterogeneity will impact our view on the formation of the solar system."Data were obtained from analysis of samples Genesis collected from the solar wind, or material ejected from the outer portion of the sun. This material can be thought of as a fossil of our nebula because the preponderance of scientific evidence suggests that the outer layer of our sun has not changed measurably for billions of years."The sun houses more than 99 percent of the material currently in our solar system, so it's a good idea to get to know it better, " said Genesis Principal Investigator Don Burnett of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. "While it was more challenging than expected, we have answered some important questions, and like all successful missions, generated plenty more."Genesis was launched in August 2000. The spacecraft traveled to Earth's L1 Lagrange Point about one million miles from Earth, where it remained for 886 days between 2001 and 2004, passively collecting solar-wind samples.JPL managed the Genesis mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Genesis mission was part of the Discovery Program managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alasca.

UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday called for governments, organizations and individuals to take active actions, enhance solidarity and establish joint prevention and treatment mechanism to deal with AIDS.Yin Li, vice Health minister of China made the remarks as he addressed the United Nations High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS held here."As a responsible developing country, the Chinese government has actively fulfilled its commitments in achieving universal access to AIDS prevention and treatment, eliminating social discrimination, and ensuring rights to prevention, treatment and care of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families," he said.Thanks to the efforts over the years, the spread of AIDS epidemic in China has slowed down, the morality rate considerably decreased and life quality of people with HIV/AIDS has significantly improved, Yin added.In order to achieve the goal of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths defined by the joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), China called for all countries, organizations and persons to be mobilized, further enhance solidarity and clearly define responsibilities and establish a joint prevention and treatment mechanism.Yin said that in the face of the common challenge of HIV/AIDS, the developed and developing countries must assume shared responsibilities."The developed countries should further provide developing countries with generous, unconditional financial and technical support. The developing countries should give the same priority to AIDS control as economic development, explore the models of prevention and treatment consistent with their national conditions, " he said.In addition, the private sector and relevant organizations should assume more responsibilities. On one hand, efforts should be made to mobilize more resources in better implementing prevention, treatment and care measures; on the other hand, multinational drug manufactures should reduce drugs and testing equipment prices through technology transfer, contract manufacturing and reduction of monopoly profits in order to provide universal access to treatment services, according to Yin.Yin stressed that the Chinese government would strengthen its working mechanism, enhance coordination across sectors and participation by the entire society, continue to actively participate in global fight against AIDS, assume its responsibilities and obligations so as to make contribution to achieving the goal of global AIDS control.

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