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WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Black scientists were significantly less likely than their white counterparts to receive research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), according to an analysis of data from 2000 to 2006.University of Kansas Professor of Economics Donna Ginther was the lead author on the study commissioned by the NIH, which will appear Friday in journal Science.The researchers found a 10 percentage point gap in research funding -- even after taking into consideration demographics, education and training, employer characteristics, NIH experience and research productivity. For example, for every 100 grants submitted to NIH, 30 grants from white applicants were funded, compared to 20 grants for black applicants.Applications for NIH funding go through peer review that considers the significance, innovation and approach of grant applications, the investigator(s) and the research environment. About half of the applications are determined to be worth scoring. Among those scored, budgets and NIH Institutes priorities determine which applications are funded. Priorities can vary by year and by Institute.The study found that applications from black researchers were less likely to be scored and on average had worse scores. After controlling for the score of the grant, there were no race or ethnicity differences in funding.Applicants self-identify race, ethnicity and gender, but that information is not available during the peer review. However, biographical facts that are included in the review materials can provide clues to the identity of the applicants.The research suggests it is possible that cumulative advantage may explain the funding differences."Small differences in access to research resources and mentoring during training or at the beginning of a career may accumulate to become large between-group differences," the paper says.Additionally, the paper suggests further research is needed to determine why black researchers are less likely to be funded.NIH Director Francis Collins and Principal Deputy Director Lawrence Tabak call the findings unacceptable and commit to immediate action by the NIH."NIH commissioned this study because we want to learn more about the challenges facing the scientific community and address them head on. The results of this study are disturbing and disheartening, and we are committed to taking action," said Collins in an accompanying commentary. "The strength of the U.S. scientific enterprise depends upon our ability to recruit and retain the brightest minds, regardless of race or ethnicity. This study shows that we still have a long way to go."NIH initiated the study in 2008 to determine if researchers of different races and ethnicities with similar research records and affiliations had similar likelihoods of being awarded a new NIH research project grant.

BERLIN, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in Europe.According to a statement issued by the Agriculture Ministry of the Lower-Saxony state, 23 of 40 samples concerning the suspected sprouts from a market garden in the state have tested negative, and further tests are still pending."Based on the initial findings in tests of some of the samples, especially the seeds, we assume that intensive analytical efforts are needed to prove that the suspected pathogen is really there," the statement said.Beansprouts and salad sprouts are seen in this picture illustration taken in Berlin June 6, 2011.  The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in EuropeLower-Saxony's Agriculture Minister Gert Lindemann said Sunday that a market garden in the rural district of Uelzen had provided a connection "involving all the main outbreaks" of the disease.Restaurants and food outlets of almost all E. coli-affected areas had received shipments of sprouts directly or indirectly from the company, state officials said.The German authorities have been racing to track down the source of the pathogen since the outbreak, which has infected people in 12 countries, all of whom had once traveled in northern Germany.More than 600 of those infected have developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a potentially deadly complication attacking the kidneys.The E. coli source was first thought to be cucumbers from Spain, which has caused huge loses for Spain farmers. However, this conclusion was overthrown by laboratory tests in Hamburg later.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 13 (Xinhua) -- Social networking giant Facebook will likely go public in the first quarter of 2012 with a valuation that could top 100 billion U.S. dollars, U.S. media reported on Monday.In a report, CNBC quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that Facebook could submit filing to register its securities with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as early as October or November this year.People who are on Wall Street and track this information told the business news television channel that they think the Facebook initial public offering (IPO), if and when it happens could value the company of more than 100 billion dollars.A factor in the company's IPO timing is the SEC's requirement that companies must disclose financial information if they have more than 500 private investors."The company has until the end of April 2012 to disclose their financials, but they may just want to get ahead of that by doing a formal initial public offering, I'm told. And that could happen in the first quarter of the year," said CNBC Wall Street reporter Kate Kelly.Facebook is also facing internal pressure as employees have not been permitted to sell their private shares on the secondary market since last spring. An IPO would make it easier for employees to monetize their shares, said Kelly, citing sources.Facebook shares have been traded in private markets such as Sharepost.com, which puts the social networking company's valuation at 85 billion dollars.Meanwhile, latest data show that Facebook is losing users last month in the United States, Canada and several European countries, indicating that the company could have hit the limits of expansion in its mature markets.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Google on Tuesday introduced several new features of its search services on desktops and smartphones, which the Internet search giant said could help users get to their search results faster.SEARCH BY VOICE, IMAGESpeaking at Google's Inside Search event in San Francisco, Mike Cohen, head of the company's speech technology efforts, said its voice search is now available in 27 languages and dialects, an estimated coverage of around 5 billion people or two-thirds of world population.Voice search has already been available in Google's mobile search application from 2008. Adding the feature to desktops is part of Google's strategy to bring mobile innovations to its desktop search.The voice search on desktop performs similarly to voice search on smartphones -- users can click the microphone button and speak the query. It is only available via Google's Chrome browser for now.Cohen noted that the volume of Google mobile speech inputs has increased by six times in the last year.Also at the event, Google introduced search-by-image, which enables users to drag-and-drop, copy-and-paste image URL, or upload the image from the desktop into the search box. They can also use a Chrome or FireFox software extension to add images to the search.Google said the search-by-image feature will be available in most countries and regions over the next few days to Chrome users, noting that it will not collect and store any images that users use.

BEIJING, June 7 (Xinhuanet) -- Sony Corp. on Monday unveiled its next generation portable gaming device, PlayStation Vita.The new PlayStation Vita will go on sale for 249 U.S. dollars, or 299 dollars for a 3G mobile version, starting in the holiday season, the Japanese electronics giant's No. 2 executive Kazuo Hirai told reporters on the eve of the E3 games convention.The device will allow gamers to be connected with one another over cellphone networks and Wi-Fi hotspots, and use GPS location-tracking technology. In the U.S., Sony is partnering exclusively with AT&T Inc. for cellphone service.Company executives have called the device Sony's biggest product launch since the PlayStation 3 five years ago."PlayStation Vita will revolutionize the portable entertainment experience," said Hirai. "The whole world is really in play."The handheld has front and back cameras, a touchscreen in front, a touch pad on the back and two knob-like joysticks. It will enable gamers to play against people using PlayStation 3 consoles over the Internet-based PlayStation Network.