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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The doctor responsible for one third of vaccine exemptions in the San Diego Unified School District fired back Thursday at critics who say her science isn’t sound. Dr. Tara Zandvliet has a refrigerator full of vaccines at her office in South Park. She administers them to her young patients, but she also writes medical exemptions for some children. “It’s the kids that are sensitive that you need to just take a little bit different tack with,” said Zandvliet. Zandvliet wrote exemptions for 162 of the 487 children who provided SDUSD with a medical reason to avoid the vaccines required for entry. Despite the number, Zandvliet says she does not consider herself anti-vaccine. “I’m not gonna write a medical exemption just cause someone wants it. I’m not gonna write it or not write it just because the school says ‘hey we have too many of them’,” she said. Since California became one of three states to ban personal belief exemptions for vaccines, the number of medical exemptions has risen. So has the number of children being vaccinated. San Diego Unified officials issued a statement about the situation, saying in part the district "has noticed some physicians issuing exemptions that appear to be excessively frequent and based on criteria that are not aligned with guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” Zandvliet’s website says she will grant an exemption based on factors like family history of allergies or autoimmune disease, neither of which are recognized by the Centers for Disease Control as valid reasons for exemption. “I refuse 7 out of ten; the three that come in they've convinced me they have proof they've given me medical records from family members and it’s there,” Zandvliet said. Other doctors disagree with Zandvliet’s reasoning, including State Senator Richard Pan, who is also a physician. He was behind the law to get rid of the personal belief exemption and is now trying to make it harder for parents to get a medical exemption. SDUSD officials say they are working with Dr. Pan and other medical organizations to address concerns about the increase of medical vaccine exemptions. 2168

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The city of San Diego has turned to two community leaders to assist with gang prevention and improve communication between police and the community.Mayor Kevin Faulconer on Tuesday announced the hiring of Rev. Gerald Brown to oversee police-community relations, and Pastor Jesus Sandoval to lead its commission on gang prevention."At age 16 I had been shot and stabbed, didn't think I would make it to 18," said Sandoval, once in a gang himself. "Since then I've been dedicating my life to helping other people."Brown will take over the Citizens Advisory Board on Police-Community relations, which meets monthly at various locations in the city. He said he is already working on arranging for clergy to spend 10 hours a month with police.Brown also wants to make himself accessible to the community and says he will bring concerns directly to the chief of police. "Really focus on how do we bring communities together? How do we bridge that gap, especially when working with African American community and law enforcement, find ways we can seek peace," he said. But some say the city needs to do more. Kate Yavenditti is a member of Women Occupy San Diego, which is seeking more police oversight. She said she has been attending the police-community relations meetings for about two years and hasn't seen many results.She said she would like the groups to be more than just advisory."So they can send recommendations up to the mayor and the mayor doesn't have to make any changes, and that's pretty much what's been happening," she said.The police-community relations board next meets 6 p.m. Monday at the Taylor Branch Library in Pacific Beach.    1706

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The 10News team is celebrating the return of morning reporter Marie Coronel."I'm so glad to be back here with you guys," she told the morning 10News team in an emotional appearance in the studio Wednesday.About three and half years ago, Marie and 10News photographer Mike Gold were in Mira Mesa preparing for a live report on storm damage when heavy branches snapped off a massive eucalyptus tree crushing the both of them. Mike was able to recover from his injuries and was back to work a few months later, but it's taken years for Marie to recover from multiple injuries and return to the newsroom."This has been a crazy long journey...it's been so tough emotionally, physically, and me going through physical therapy, then doing all of this while raising our three little boys," she said.During her recovery, the native San Diegan stayed active and connected in the community through social media. But Marie acknowledged that her return was met with some jitters when 10News anchor Jim Patton asked what it felt like to be back."I was like the new kid walking in yesterday but then now in day two I'm like, 'let's get back to business.'"Marie credits her recovery and perseverance to the enormous support from family, friends, faith, co-workers, and the 10News – ABC San Diego KGTV viewers, she said."I’ve kept my eyes and ears on our community, and there are so many stories I can’t wait to start reporting. I’m thrilled to be back with our 10News team and telling your stories," Marie posted on her 10News Facebook pageFollow Marie Coronel at https://www.facebook.com/MarieCoronel10News/. 1622

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The California Federation of Teachers (CFT) is urging school districts across the state to roll back in-person classes and return to distance learning.CFT President Jeff Freitas said with most of the state back in the purple tier of restrictions, it only makes sense to go back to virtual learning until there is a slow in the spread of COVID-19.“We need to get these numbers down," said Freitas. “We think the best thing right now is for schools to stop their plans of reopening and, or if they are reopened, to close their schools and go back to remote.”Three Vista Unified School District schools -- Rancho Buena Vista High, Vista Magnet Middle, and Madison Middle -- returned to virtual learning Tuesday after positive COVID-19 cases were reported. It’s a back-and-forth the district has been dealing with since reopening for in-person instruction last month.“There should be more of a statewide approach and definitely a national approach,” said Freitas. “We have been asking that they take the lead on this.”San Diego Unified School District thinks it has come up with an answer. During its State of the District address Tuesday evening, Superintendent Cindy Marten said the district created a federal relief plan to get all schools nationwide back on track for the next two years.The plan asks for federal investment in education that would be centered around equity and undoing learning loss.“What would the San Diego strategy look like at the national level? We have outlined that plan, shared it with the Biden administration,” said Marten.The plan includes a COVID-19 testing, tracking, and tracing strategy for students and staff, and 0 billion in direct relief to schools. Marten said the money would offset the lost state revenue and increased operating costs.“We call for full funding for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and full funding for the Impact Aid program to invest in military families,” added Marten. “We call for tripling Title I funding and making the fund permanent to support low-income families.”“I know that San Diegans will step up and do whatever it takes to make sure no student is left behind,” Mayor-elect Todd Gloria said during a special appearance at the address.SDUSD’s plan has been sent to the Biden transition team for consideration. The full plan is available here. 2364

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