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This week, experts are sending warnings to those considering seeing people outside their household without quarantining first. One aerosol expert weighs in on just how dangerous the holiday could be."My simplest advice is it is not a good idea to meet with people outside of your household for a holiday meal. That’s the most important message that can be underscored, and the reason for that is there are multiple ways this virus can be transferred,” said Alex Huffman, an aerosol expert and associate professor at the University of Denver. “The closer you are increases the chances of that, but aerosols can come out of your mouth and mix into the room. The longer you're in that room, the more chance you have of getting sick.”Huffman says time, ventilation and proximity have a big impact on whether coronavirus droplets can spread and infect others."When you breathe and talk, the louder you talk, droplets and aerosols come out of your mouth. So, traditionally, droplets are on the bigger side, aerosols are on the smaller side," said Huffman.With no mask on, these droplets can land on the faces of people around you or on their plates."And so, the biggest danger with the Thanksgiving meal or holiday meal or any meal specifically, restaurants included, are that you have to take off your mask to eat and that is why eating together indoors is so dangerous," said Huffman.Huffman demonstrated how fast droplets can spread in the air by showing how quickly food coloring can spread in water. He also analyzed the risks of eating a Thanksgiving meal in person, taking commonly-used models and applying varying factors that come into play when eating with people outside of your household."And then, I used the same model to say, ‘What happens if we meet for holiday meals?’ Let's say we have 10 people. We all eat for two hours. We all don't have masks on, and then, we ran different scenarios. If it was a small room, a large room, a medium-sized room and then estimate the amount of risk that would be from aerosol," said Huffman.Matching with community transmission rates, Huffman estimated that the probability of each person at the table having COVID-19 was about 5 percent."If it's a small room, everybody has something like a 15 percent chance of getting infected, even if we had no idea if anybody was infected or not. If it's a big room, it's a little bit less than that," explained Huffman.Ventilation also comes into play, which is why experts are advising that if you really are planning to meet with family this holiday, do it outside. Opening windows and doors also helps. Huffman also has some tools people can use, such as a carbon dioxide monitor or you can create your own box fan air filter."On the back, this is a furnace filter that’s also 20 inches and so you tape them together so they're well-sealed. You turn it on high and you blow the air through this filter and that removes the particles in the room that could potentially contain virus in it," said Huffman.Still, Huffman and other medical experts agree this won't completely eliminate the risk of spreading COVID-19. The safest thing to do is stay home and avoid celebrating Thanksgiving with people who are not part of your household. 3230

Top health officials are considering “pooled testing” as a way to ramp up COVID-19 tests.Here's how it works:Instead of testing each sample individually, labs pool together a certain amount, like 10, in one tube with one test.If it's negative, you double check it, and then you're done.If there's a positive, you break it down either into smaller pools or individually for further testing.“So, there are advantages, mostly cost savings, that's the huge advantage of pooling, also the ability to go through a very large volume of specimens,” said Dr. Thomas Quinn, an infectious disease researcher at National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesQuinn worked in one of many labs that used the pooling technique during the HIV epidemic in the 1980s. He says the difference between then and now is the tests themselves.Pooling dilutes the samples. The HIV tests were very accurate, so that wasn't an issue, but with COVID-19, the tests aren't as reliable.The other problem is pooling takes more time in the lab, even with robotic equipment helping.“We need to get everyone tested and everyone wants to know what's the result of my test within 24 hours. That's very hard to do with pooling,” said Quinn.Quinn isn't recommending pooling for individual testing right now. He says it could be more useful in big surveys, when it's not an emergency. 1357

There is no God -- that's the conclusion of the celebrated physicist Stephen Hawking, whose final book is published Tuesday.The book, which was completed by his family after his death, presents answers to the questions that Hawking said he received most during his time on Earth.Other bombshells the British scientist left his readers with include the belief that alien life is out there, artificial intelligence could outsmart humans and time travel can't be ruled out.Hawking, considered one of the most brilliant scientists of his generation, died in March at the age of 76."There is no God. No one directs the universe," he writes in "Brief Answers to the Big Questions.""For centuries, it was believed that disabled people like me were living under a curse that was inflicted by God," he adds. "I prefer to think that everything can be explained another way, by the laws of nature."Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, for most of his adult life.The scientist died while still working on the book, which his family and colleagues finished with the help of his vast personal archives.'Increasingly looking inward'While Hawking spoke of his lack of belief in God during his life, several of his other answers are more surprising."There are forms of intelligent life out there," he writes. "We need to be wary of answering back until we have developed a bit further."And he leaves open the possibility of other phenomena."Travel back in time can't be ruled out according to our present understanding," he says. He also predicts that "within the next hundred years we will be able to travel to anywhere in the Solar System.""He realized that people specifically wanted his answers to these questions," the scientist's daughter, Lucy Hawking, who helped complete the book, told CNN.Hawking saw the world on the brink of a "vast transformative change" when he died, she noted, adding: "He's asking us not to go into the future blindly. How good is the track record of the human race in using advances in technology for the good of ordinary people?"In remarks prepared by Hawking and played at the launch of the book in London on Monday, the scientist also turned his attention to the world he was leaving behind."With Brexit and Trump now exerting new forces in relation to immigration and the development of education, we are witnessing a global revolt against experts, and that includes scientists," Hawking said.Hawking had been a critic of the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, and called Donald Trump a "demagogue" in 2016.His greatest concern, his daughter said, "is how divided we've become," adding: "He makes this comment about how we seem to have lost the ability to look outward, and we are increasingly looking inward to ourselves."Hawking's final message to readers, though, is a hopeful one.Attempting to answer the question "How do we shape the future?" in the book's final chapter, the scientist writes: "Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet." 3096

There is no defense for the President’s comments tonight undermining our Democratic process. America is counting the votes, and we must respect the results as we always have before. No election or person is more important than our Democracy. https://t.co/BOO2iaTsEf— Larry Hogan (@LarryHogan) November 6, 2020 317

Three people were killed and five others wounded Friday in southern France after a gunman stole a car, fired at police officers and took hostages in a supermarket in what French authorities are treating as a terror attack.One person died in the carjacking, and two others were killed at the market, the French Interior Ministry said.Police shot dead the gunman, French media reported, after a four-hour standoff at the Super U supermarket in the town of Trèbes. 469