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LOS ANGELES, May 15 (Xinhua) -- Using a simple, minimally- invasive technique to analyze cells from the interior of the nose, U.S. researchers have detected lung cancer in its earliest stage.For the study, the researchers at the Boston University Medical Center collected nasal epithelial cells from thirty three smokers who were undergoing medically-indicated bronchoscopies for suspicion of lung cancer, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.Of these patients, 11 were found to have benign disease and 22 had lung cancer. Brushings were taken from the right or left nostril and profiled on microarrays, a process that allows researchers to study gene expression changes.The researchers identified 170 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with and without lung cancer. They also found that genes linked to colon cancer and adenocarcinoma, as well as genes that trigger cell division and blood vessel growth, were expressed more heavily in patients with cancer. Genes involved in tumor suppression were also expressed at lower levels in these patients.Earlier studies have used gene expression differences in the bronchial airways to identify lung cancer in its early stages. The researchers relied on those results to design the current study."In this study we used the same principle as we used in our earlier studies of bronchial tissue, only this time, those methods were used to study nasal cells," said study author Christina Anderlind, MD, Instructor of Medicine. "Our hypothesis was that the upper airway epithelium of smokers with lung cancer displays a cancer-specific gene expression pattern, and that this airway nasal gene expression signature reflects the changes that occur in lung tissue."

WASHINGTON, March 30 (Xinhua) -- A trace amount of radioactive iodine has been found in a sample of milk from the west state of Washington, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Wednesday.According to a joint statement from the two agencies, results from a screening sample taken March 25 from Washington detected 0.8 pCi/L of iodine-131, which is more than 5,000 times lower than the Derived Intervention Level set by the FDA.These types of findings are to be expected in the coming days and are far below levels of public health concern, including for infants and children, the statement said.Iodine-131 has a very short half-life of approximately eight days, and the level detected in milk and milk products is therefore expected to drop relatively quickly."Radiation is all around us in our daily lives, and these findings are a minuscule amount compared to what people experience every day. For example, a person would be exposed to low levels of radiation on a round trip cross country flight, watching television, and even from construction materials," said Patricia Hansen, an FDA senior scientist.

CANBERRA, May 26 (Xinhua) -- Australian Health Minister Nicola Roxon on Thursday night said she will not be frightened off by the tobacco industry's attempt to lobby Malaysia to oppose the Australian government's proposal for plain packaging of cigarettes.According to ABC News, big tobacco companies have appointed a former United States ambassador to the World Trade Organization ( WTO), Peter Allgeier, to help them fight the Australian federal government's plain packaging plan, which is due to come into effect this year.An email sent to a Malaysian official and obtained by ABC News showed that Allgeier had a meeting with Malaysia's trade minister before, and he has been lobbying a Malaysian administrator to put pressure on Australia over plain packaging.Allgeier's email also stated that "members of the U.S. congress also have written to the Australian Government outlining concerns about the implications of plain packaging for the integrity of Australia's trade commitments."However, Roxon, who said she has not been approached by Malaysia on the issue, said Allgeier's appointment demonstrated just how far big tobacco is prepared to take its fight."But we won't be frightened off because big tobacco is hiring lobbyists or looking at ways to influence the action we're taking, " she told ABC television on Thursday night.The tobacco industry has already spent millions fighting plain packaging, and last year gave 5.2 million U.S. dollars to the Alliance of Australian Retailers (AAR) to fund an advertising campaign against the plan.If the cigarettes law is enforced, Australia will become the first country in the world to ban logos and brand names from cigarette packaging. Health warnings and the kind of graphic pictures will make up the majority of the packaging, while the rest of the packets will be plain olive green.

LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

LOS ANGELES, March 2 (Xinhua) -- Those who take a nap are more likely to have lower levels of blood pressure despite stress, said a new study in the latest issue of International Journal of Behavioral Medicine available on Wednesday.In the study, researchers at Sarah Conklin of Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania examined 85 healthy university students, who were divided into two groups, with one group taking an hour- long nap during the day, and the other group having no time to sleep. Both groups were given a mental stress test.The study found that participants in both groups experienced increase in blood pressure and pulse rates when they took the stress test, but the average blood pressure of those who slept for at least 45 minutes was significantly lower after the stress test than it was for those who did not sleep.The researchers drew the conclusion that a daytime nap of at least 45 minutes may help stressed-out people lower their blood pressure and protect their heart."Our findings suggest that daytime sleep may offer cardiovascular benefit by accelerating cardiovascular recovery following mental stressors," the researchers said in the study."Further research is needed to explore the mechanism by which daytime sleep is linked with cardiovascular health and to evaluate daytime sleep as a recuperative and protective practice, especially for individuals with known cardiovascular disease risk and those with suboptimal sleep quality," they added.Sleep deficiency is common in the United States, posing a long- term health threat. On average, Americans get nearly two hours less sleep a night than they did 50 years ago, according to background information provided by the journal.