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LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."

BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study suggests that crossing your arms could reduce the intensity of pain, according to media reports.The study was conducted by researchers from University College London (UCL), who reported their finding in the journel Pain.They said that crossing the arms could confuse the brain and conflicting information between the brain's two maps - one for the person's body and the other for external space - leading to a lower sensation of pain.A laser was used to generate a four millisecond pin prick on the hands of eight volunteers, who experienced this twice with their arms at their sides and arms crossed.Then the participants were asked to rate the intensity of pain in two situations and an EEG (electroencephalography) was used to measure their electrical brain responses.The results showed that both the perception of pain and EEG activity was reduced when the arms were crossed."Perhaps when we get hurt, we should not only 'rub it better' but also cross our arms," said Giandomenico Iannetti of UCL's department of physiology, pharmacology and neuroscience.

SHANGHAI, May, 13 (Xinhua) -- Scientists attending a recent high-level conference on robotics agreed that great progress has been made in the field, but strict rules for the safe usage of robots should be implemented."Four years ago, if you went into a Chinese factory and said 'robots can help you work,' you would be kicked out. But now, China has a large industrial robot market, along with Japan, the Republic of Korea and the United States," says Li Zexiang, general chair of the 2011 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2011), which concluded Friday in Shanghai.Chinese robotics researchers have suggested to the government that rules and regulations for robot usage should be created. Professor Wang Tianmiao from the Beihang University (BUAA) told Xinhua about the suggestions during the conference.Wang says that in the future, it might not be possible for artificial intelligence to take the place of humans in some social roles. However, Wang says that mankind should pay close attention to the possible dangers of advancements in robotics, as the industry is currently undergoing dramatic changes.The five-day conference, which is organized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), took place in China for the first time ever since its first session in 1984, which took place in the city of Atlanta in the United States.Media reports show that Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK) and several Western countries have already drafted rules about the safe use of robots.

LOS ANGELES, April 6 (Xinhua) -- Freeze-dried strawberries may play a role in the prevention of esophageal cancer, a new study suggests."Strawberries may be an alternative or work together with other chemopreventive drugs for the prevention of esophageal cancer," said lead researcher Tong Chen, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor, division of medical oncology, department of internal medicine at the Ohio State University.Study findings were presented at the ongoing 102nd annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Orlando, Florida, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Wednesday."We concluded from this study that six months of eating strawberries is safe and easy to consume. In addition, our preliminary data suggests that strawberries can decrease histological grade of precancerous lesions and reduce cancer- related molecular events," said Chen, who is also a member of the Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Program in the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center.The study involved a group of participants who consumed 60 grams of freeze-dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption.The researchers obtained biopsy specimens before and after strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.Using freeze-dried strawberries was important because by removing the water from the berries, they concentrated the preventive substances by nearly 10-fold, Chen said.Esophageal cancer is the third most common gastrointestinal cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death in the world, she noted.Chen and her team are studying esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which makes up 95 percent of cases of esophageal cancer worldwide. China, where this study took place, has the highest incidence of esophageal SCC, according to the AAAS.In a previous study, Chen and colleagues found that freeze- dried strawberries significantly inhibited tumor development in the esophagus of rats. Based on these results, they embarked on a Phase Ib trial that included participants with esophageal precancerous lesions who were at high risk for esophageal cancer."Our study is important because it shows that strawberries may slow the progression of precancerous lesion in the esophagus," Chen said.But she said they need to test this in randomized placebo- controlled trials in the future.

BRASILIA, April 26 (Xinhua) -- A survey conducted by Brazil's Ministry of Health showed Tuesday that half of Brazilians aged over 55 have hypertension.According to the research, which has been carried out annually since 2006, the proportion of Brazilians diagnosed with hypertension increased over the past five years, from 21.6 percent in 2006 to 23.3 percent in 2010.Besides, the diagnosis of hypertension is higher among women (25.5 percent) than men (20.7 percent). But in both sexes, the older people are, the more common the disease becomes, the ministry reported.The ministry also said that, to address the problem, the Brazilian government distributes free medicines to control blood pressure, since 80 percent of Brazilians who suffer from hypertension depend on the public health system.The Ministry of Health signed on April 7 an agreement with the food industry, aiming to reduce salt in processed food.If hypertension is left untreated, some complications including clogged arteries, stroke and myocardial infarction will bring patients more troubles.

来源：资阳报