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BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhua) -- China said it would raise benchmark retail prices of gasoline and diesel by 290 yuan (42.46 U.S. dollars) per tonne and 180 yuan per tonne, respectively, as of midnight Tuesday.     It is the second oil price adjustment this year. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner, cut benchmark pump prices of gasoline and diesel by 140 yuan and 160 yuan per tonne, or 2 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively, on Jan. 14.     Experts said more frequent price adjustments show China can respond more quickly to international oil price changes after a new pricing mechanism took effect Jan. 1, 2009. The combined photo taken on Mar. 24, 2009 shows the price boards before (top) and after (bottom) the adjustment, in Beijing, China. China said it would raise benchmark retail prices of gasoline and diesel by 290 yuan (42.46 U.S. dollars) per tonne and 180 yuan per tonne, respectively, as of midnight Tuesday.    Oil price fell to 53.10 U.S. dollars a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange on Tuesday. On the previous trading day, it settled at 53.80 U.S. dollars a barrel, the highest price since Dec. 1.     Under the new mechanism, China's domestic prices are to be "indirectly linked" to global crude prices "in a controlled manner."     "The 'indirect link' would be based upon average global crude prices, while taking into account domestic production costs, taxation, and 'appropriate profits' of oil producers," deputy director of the pricing department of the NDRC, Xu Kuning, said.     Government-set fuel prices were previously changed infrequently.     As a result, either Chinese drivers ended up paying more than those in other countries when crude prices dropped, or domestic refineries suffered huge losses when crude prices surged.     Last Dec. 18, when the international crude price dropped from a record 147 U.S. dollars a barrel to less than 40 U.S. dollars, the NDRC announced a move to cut pump prices by 900 yuan and 1,100 yuan per tonne for gasoline and diesel, respectively.     The new pricing mechanism was announced the following day and took effect at the beginning of this year.     In Tuesday's notice to raise pump prices, the NDRC urged the two state-owned oil producers, PetroChina and Sinopec, to increase oil production to meet demands.     It also urged local pricing regulators to strengthen supervision over oil prices and crack down on any price violations.     China's crude oil output reached 190 million tonnes in 2008, up2.3 percent year-on-year, the highest growth in three years, according to the China Petroleum and Chemical Association.     Imports of crude oil rose 9.6 percent year-on-year to 179 million tonnes last year, which accounted for 48 percent of total crude oil demand.

SHENYANG, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- A senior Party official on Tuesday called for all-out efforts to safeguard fairness, justice and social stability, through improving the political and legal work and developing the law-enforcement sector.     Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau, made the remarks at a workshop on political and legal work and safeguarding stability in northeast China, held in Shenyang, the capital of northeastern Liaoning Province.     Zhou, who also heads the Central Political Science and Law Commission (CPSLC) of the CPC, made an inspection tour of the three northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning from Feb. 11-16 and attended the workshop on Wednesday.     The senior Party official urged local authorities, political and legal departments in particular, to implement central government's policies and integrate their efforts to safeguard social stability with efforts to achieve economic development.     "Social stability relies on economic development," he said.     Zhou told local authorities to conduct an assessment on social risks before deciding on a new policy. Officials should visit communities and villages to hear complaints from the people and learn about people's will, so as to resolve contradictions and disputes at the grassroots level, he said.     The official urged leading officials and law-enforcers to play a role in protecting the dignity and authority of socialist legal system.     "Every citizen must express their will and protect their rights in a reasonable and lawful way, so as to jointly safeguard the general stable situation of reforms and development," he said.     Law-enforcement must always give top priority to the Party's cause, the people's rights and interests, and the Constitution and law, Zhou said. He urged law-enforcers to be a guard for the safety of people's life and properties as well as social fairness and justice.     The workshop was presided by Minister of Public Security Meng Jianzhu, who is also a state councilor and deputy secretary of the CPSLC.     Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court, also spoke at the workshop.

BEIJING, March 27 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin Friday urged the Tibetan people to maintain stability and cherish prosperity achieved in the autonomous region ahead of Serfs Emancipation Day.     Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), made those remarks at a meeting held here to commemorate the event which falls on Saturday.     Jia appreciated the endeavors of people living in the Tibet Autonomous Region who have made great contributions to the social and economic development of the region. Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), speaks at the symposium marking the 50th anniversary of serfs emancipation in Tibet held in Beijing, capital of China, on March 27, 2009The establishment of Serfs Emancipations Day is to make all Chinese people remember the historical event 50 years ago in which Tibetan people abolished the feudal serfdom system, Jia said.     It will also remind Tibetan people of the nature of the ** Lama clique which has sought separation of the country, he said.     Tibet's development has proved that only the democratic reform under the leadership of Communist Party of China could save the region and make it more prosperous, the official stressed. Jia Qinglin (R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), shakes hands with the 11th Panchen Lama Gyaincain Norbu during the symposium marking the 50th anniversary of serfs emancipation in Tibet held in Beijing, capital of China, on March 27, 2009Jia urged the Tibetan people to fully understand President Hu Jintao's keynote speech on Tibet during the top legislature's annual session and implement the Party's religious policies in the region.     No matter what the ** Lama claims, it will not change the reality that Tibet was, is and will always be part of China, Jia said.     It will not change the great achievement made by the Tibetan people in the past five decades and Chinese people's strong will to maintain the nation's unity, Jia said.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.