吉林医院男人早泄是什么原因(吉林医院生殖器流脓是什么情况) (今日更新中)

How accurate are the coronavirus tests used in the U.S.?Months into the outbreak, no one really knows how well many of the screening tests work, and experts at top medical centers say it is time to do the studies to find out.When the new virus began spreading, the Food and Drug Administration used its emergency powers to OK scores of quickly devised tests, based mainly on a small number of lab studies showing they could successfully detect the virus.That’s very different from the large patient studies that can take weeks or months, which experts say are needed to provide a true sense of testing accuracy.The FDA’s speedy response came after it was initially criticized for delaying the launch of new tests during a crisis and after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stumbled in getting its own test out to states.But with the U.S. outbreak nearly certain to stretch on for months or even years, some experts want the FDA to demand better evidence of the tests’ accuracy so doctors know how many infections might be missed.There have been more than 2 million confirmed coronavirus cases in the U.S. and more than 115,000 deaths, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. Cases in nearly half of U.S. states are rising.In recent weeks, preliminary findings have flagged potential problems with some COVID-19 tests, including one used daily at the White House. Faulty tests could leave many thousands of Americans with the incorrect assumption that they are virus-free, contributing to new flare-ups of the disease as communities reopen.“In the beginning, the FDA was under a lot of pressure to get these tests onto the marketplace,” said Dr. Steven Woloshin of Dartmouth College, who wrote about the issue in the New England Journal of Medicine last week. “But now that there are plenty of tests out there, it’s time for them to raise the bar.”The FDA said in a statement that it has already asked multiple test makers to do follow-up accuracy studies, although it didn’t say for how many of the more than 110 authorized screening tests. The agency also said it is tracking reports of problems. Accuracy has also been an issue with blood tests that look for signs of past infections.No screening test is 100% accurate. So details on accuracy are routinely provided for tests of all types, including seasonal flu, hepatitis, HIV and cancers. For example, rapid flu tests are known to miss 20% or more of all cases, a factor doctors weigh when treating patients who have symptoms but test negative.For now, most COVID-19 tests in the U.S. don’t give data on real-world performance, including how often the tests falsely clear patients of infection or falsely detect the virus. That information is lacking for all but a few of the roughly 80 commercial screening tests available, according to an Associated Press review.The government’s emergency authorization process “requires a lower level of evidence,” the agency said. Makers need only show that a test “may be effective” instead of the usual requirement to demonstrate “safety and effectiveness.” They would have to meet that higher threshold once the U.S. government declares the emergency over.Many of the commercial test makers submitted results from 60 samples, the minimum number required and mostly used lab-produced specimens of the virus. The FDA now recommends the use of nasal swabs or other real samples from people screened for coronavirus.Experts say larger patient studies patients are needed to assess a test’s true performance.Lab testing bears little resemblance to actual — sometimes imperfect — conditions at hospitals, clinics and testing sites noted Dr. Robert Kaplan of Stanford University.“You’re testing people in parking lots, the patients themselves are extremely anxious and often unable to follow instructions,” said Kaplan, a former associate director of the National Institutes of Health.Kaplan and others say those differences could explain why some tests are not performing as expected.Last month, the FDA warned doctors of a potential accuracy problem with Abbott Laboratories’ rapid ID Now test, which delivers results in roughly 15 minutes. The test has been lauded by President Donald Trump and used to screen the president, his staff and visitors to the White House.The FDA alert followed a preliminary report by New York University that found Abbott’s test missed between a third to one-half of infections caught by a rival test in patients screened for the virus.Abbott rejected the findings, saying the researchers did not follow the instructions for using its test. The company pointed to alternate patient studies, including its own, that have found the test successfully detects between 91% and 95% or more of virus cases when compared to other tests.But similar problems with ID NOW’s accuracy have been flagged in preliminary reports by researchers at Stanford University, Loyola University and the Cleveland Clinic.For now, the FDA is requiring Abbott to conduct follow-up studies in several different patient groups.The FDA’s emergency standards “are still high but there is a significant difference in the body of work that what would go into a submission under the normal process,” said Abbott vice president John Hackett. “Our normal process takes years to bring these out.”Requiring bigger studies of all coronavirus tests could provide valuable information, but it could also strain the FDA’s already stretched staff and resources, said Dr. Daniel Schultz, former director of the FDA’s medical device center.Dr. Colin West of the Mayo Clinic worries doctors and patients have put too much confidence in the current crop of tests, when an unknown number of patients with COVID-19 are likely receiving false negative results.Even a modest error rate can have grave consequences during an outbreak like COVID-19. West gives the example of a test that is 95% accurate at detecting the virus and is used on 1 million people. That would still result in 50,000 people being incorrectly told that they don’t have the virus.“The negative test does not mean that I’m off the hook,” West said. “We just need to maintain that level of vigilance until we have a better sense of how good these tests really can be.”___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter.___Follow AP pandemic coverage at http://apnews.com/VirusOutbreak and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 6604

If you’re going to a firework show for Fourth of July, there will be more than one reason to look up to the sky.A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur during the evening hours on Saturday, which will be visible throughout the continental United States.A penumbral eclipse means that some, but not all, of the moon will be partially in Earth’s shadow. Despite the lunar eclipse occurring during a full moon, the moon will appear to be slightly darker during the peak of the eclipse. At its peak, more than one-third of the moon will be in parts of Earth’s shadow.Saturday's eclipse differs from total and partial lunar eclipses as the Earth will not completely block the sun’s light from reaching the moon.The next total lunar eclipse visible from America will not occur until 2022. 787

How would you like to make an extra ,000 a week doing easy tasks you already know how to do? Smartphone applications are making things easy for those looking to make money at home.If you love dogs, ‘Wag’ is for you. The app is like Uber for dog walkers. Rocio Irun uses the ‘Wag’ app on her free time walking other people’s dogs.“I love dogs this app was an opportunity for me to make some extra income on the side and spend time with puppies,” Irun said.It’s easy to sign up for the app. Irun said, it’s competitive once you become a walker.“It’s hard because there are a lot of people dog walking, so you will have to compete against those other people and be really fast at accepting a dog walk," Irun said. If walking dogs isn’t your thing, there are other task apps to try. ‘Gigwalk’ will connect you with nearby businesses looking for extra help. ‘IPoll’ will pay you to take surveys. ‘Loot’ will have you taking pictures of your favorite brands and post them all over social media.Then there is ‘Task Rabbit.’ The app will allow you to sign up for a wide range of jobs like, putting together a dresser, yard work, cleaning or mounting a piece of art on a wall for someone.All of these apps notify you when a potential job opens up near by. You then select the one you want. Then, confirm the details with your client. After that, you simply show up and do the task to get paid.  1405

If you're looking for some fun under the sun this winter, United Airlines announced eight new destinations to popular vacation spots like Costa Rica, Belize, and Cancun.Last week, United announced they've added new flights to 19 destinations in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America."These eight new routes highlight the continued expansion of our network and build upon our strong presence in Latin America," said Patrick Quayle, United's vice president of International Network and Alliances noted in the press release. "Our new and increased service offers travelers more opportunities to find warm-weather getaways and visit friends and family over the winter season."The new routes could begin as early as December. United says the new non-stop flights are subject to government approval. 806

Hurricane Michael's death toll climbed to 18 Saturday, after another victim was discovered in Virginia.Fears were mounting for those who did not heed evacuation orders before Hurricane Michael bulldozed large swaths of Florida's Panhandle, and residents in the hardest-hit areas grew increasingly desperate for provisions.Three days after the monster storm, with rescue workers cutting through hulking debris piles in search of survivors, residents formed long lines outside fire stations, schools and Salvation Army food trucks to collect bottled water and ready-to-eat meals (MREs)."It's about to get stupid if people don't get food and water," Panama City Assistant Fire Chief Gary Swearingen said Saturday.Some have already resorted to looting, according to CNN affiliate WEAR-TV, because of the lack of resources such as water, electricity and food. 862

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