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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - In celebration of Dr. Seuss's birthday, and as part of "America Reads," the United Way of San Diego is holding a week-long book drive across San Diego County."Reading to children is the utmost important thing a parent can do," says United Way CEO Nancy Sasaki.The United Way will accept book donations at their office, and also at any SDCCU branch location across the county. They're also teaming up with Warwick's Book Store in La Jolla for donations.The need is most significant among low-income families. The United Way says 61% of low-income families in San Diego don't have any books in their homes for kids. That puts them at a significant disadvantage."If a kid is not at a 3rd-grade reading level by the end of third grade, we know they're four times more likely not to graduate high school on time," says Sasaki. "And if they come from low-income communities, they're six times more likely to fall behind."Studies show that reading to children as few as three times each week helps promote vocabulary and reading proficiency."In many family settings where the parents are working 2 or 3 jobs, and they're crossing paths in the night, and they're barely able to get the food on the table, reading is not so easy to do," Sasaki says. "So just having books in the household is an important part."The United Way is also hosting a series of reading events this week. For more information about those, click here. 1443

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Local activists spoke out in Escondido Wednesday denouncing a recent ICE sweep in San Diego County that resulted in the arrest of 115 people. While agents say the raids targeted convicted criminals and people who'd been previously deported or ordered deported, those holding the protest say the tactics used are unfair and unnecessary.They urged the immigrant community to know their rights and reach out for help from experienced immigration attorneys.  496

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- In February, we spoke to Jelynn Malone from Mostra Coffee after her coffee shop won best roaster in the U.S. by Roast Magazine. Since then, things for small businesses like hers have been touch and loyal customers including high school juniors, Siya and Anoushka, wanted to help."A lot of businesses were closing. We both brainstormed about how we could help local businesses who have helped us in the past," said Anoushka." So they created a campaign called Loving the Locals. "We started a GoFund Me page and reached out to friends and family who were able to donate. With that money, we were able to donate to Mostra Coffee."And when Malone was ready to meet her donors she said, "I'm looking for adults, they didn't give me their names or tell me how much and I see these two young high school girls and they're like 'Are you Jelynn?'" To describe Malone as surprised was an understatement. "Then they hand over this large check to me and it says a thousand dollars and I'm completely shocked. I'm emotional, touched," Malone described. Malone's no stranger to giving back. A portion of her profits goes to farmers in the Phillippines, where she sources a lot of her product from. When the pandemic began, she donated gratitude boxes to frontline workers. All of her efforts never went unnoticed, even by young customers. "They [Mostra Coffee] continue to give back to community even during these difficult times and we felt that quality was important to us and it's what we were going for. We shared similar values and they were a great fit for us," Siya said. Mostra Coffee is the first business Loving the Locals has donated to. They have a GoFund Me and all profits will go to another small business once their goal is met. 1760

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It’s now been a week since the first Americans began their quarantines at MCAS Miramar after evacuating from the epicenter of the coronavirus, and all Charles Wasserburger wants is one thing: a pizza.“I’m just eating the food they have here and suffering through all the pizza and burger commercials they have on TV,” he said.To be clear, the Nebraska native says he’s not complaining about conditions on the base where he has been on a mandatory 14-day quarantine since Feb. 5. The government has provided all 232 evacuees at Miramar with televisions and cell phones to call or video chat with loved ones, free of charge. RELATED: Second case of coronavirus confirmed in San Diego CountyBut after seven days of meals provided by the government -- mostly catered Chinese food -- Wasserburger knows there’s glorious pizza just beyond his reach.“I really did beg to have a pizza delivered because there’s a Pizza Hut like a mile away,” he said. Wasserburger works for a microbiology company. He was in Wuhan, China on business when the outbreak began. He hasn’t shown signs of the virus, but with two cases now confirmed among evacuees at Miramar, his wife in Omaha is a little worried on his behalf.“Even when you’re trying to keep a positive attitude, which he has done, there’s still going to be those days when you’re second guessing, “Could I be that person that comes down with that horrible thing next?” Fauniel Wasserburger said.The evacuees are allowed to mingle with each other in quarantine, although they’re supposed to stay six feet apart. Their only contact with the outside world is through video chat and package deliveries.“We had 180 packages from Amazon delivered yesterday, including fresh foods,” said Caroline Thorman, a spokeswoman for the Department of Health and Human Service Administration For Children and Families.RELATED: Mislabeled sample led to release of San Diego coronavirus patientDeliveries to the base must be screened first, then they can be taken to the lobby of one of the two hotels where evacuees are staying, Thorman said. Anyone who interacts with people under quarantine must wear personal protective gear.Thorman said evacuees have received a number of donations from the community, including books, children’s toys and diapers. The Red Cross provided comfort kits. Anyone wishing to make a donation in the San Diego area should call 2-1-1, she said.“We want to make it easy as possible and as comfortable as possible for these returning Americans,” she said.It wasn’t immediately clear why pizza posed an added challenge, but Thorman said she was happy to accommodate the request. 2654