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BEIJING, Oct. 18 (Xinhuanet) -- Autism can likely develop when low birth weight babies are combined with other factors such as environment and genetic predisposition, new research suggests.Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and School of Medicine identified 1,105 children who weighed less than 2,000 grams at birth between Oct. 1, 1984, and July 3, 1989.Sixteen years later, researchers were able to reach 623 of those children, and used a questionnaire to screen them for autism spectrum disorders.When 189 of the children turned 21 years old, 60 percent of those who screened positive for an autism spectrum disorder, and 24 percent of those who screened negative with the condition. All in all, the rate of autism spectrum disorders among the study participants with low birth weights was five times higher than the general.Autism spectrum disorder makes people have difficulty communicating, difficulty interacting in social situations, and restrictive or repetitive interests, said study co-author Jennifer Pinto-Martin, a researcher in the University.Those with mild autism spectrum disorders, "may only want to talk about one subject," Pinto-Martin said. "They're perfectly functional. They can go to college. They can hold a job." Premature babies are often born with low birth weights, though full-term babies can also have the condition. The research suggests a need not only for better prenatal care to reduce the number of premature babies, but also a need for early diagnosis and intervention for people with autism.

NEW YORK, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced on Thursday a new recommendation that doctors offer every person with an HIV diagnosis antiretroviral treatment to help them live longer and prevent transmission.This marks a change from the current practice that treatment only be offered to those who show signs of damage to their immune systems, said the mayor during the annual World AIDS Day commemorative ceremony at Gracie Mansion. "Over the past ten years HIV diagnoses and deaths in New York City have seen a dramatic decline," said Mayor Bloomberg. "Steady progress in our fight against HIV has turned what used to be a death sentence into a disease that can be prevented and, with antiretroviral therapy, managed.The annual death toll from HIV in the city is down by more than a third: 933 deaths in 2009Despite this progress, however, more than 110,000 people in New York City are infected with HIV, more than in any other U.S. city and about 75 percent of all cases in the New York State.Figures from the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) showed that HHC has tested more than one million New Yorkers for HIV since 2005 when the public hospitals and health centers began offering HIV screening as a routine part of medical care for patients aged 13 to 64.

BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have discovered that blind optimism is related to brain's frontal lobes which are associated with processing errors, according to a British study published Monday in the journal Nature Neuroscience.Scientists at the University College of London scanned brains of volunteers who were asked to estimate their personal likelihood of involving in negative events, like a divorce or cancer,  before and after given the average probability of these events occurring.They found that the volunteers who estimated lower probability (or the more optimistic ones) than the given one raised their estimates a little bit later while those estimated higher probability altered their estimates much more.Through the brain scanner, scientists saw there was less activity in the volunteers' frontal regions when the information given was worse than expected while more activity when the information was better than expected. It suggested that the more optimistic people neglected the negative predictions."The more optimistic we are, the less likely we are to be influenced by negative information about the future," said Dr. Tali Sharot, lead author of the study. He added being optimistic clearly had some benefits, "but it can also mean that we are less likely to take precautionary action, such as practising safe sex or saving for retirement. So why don't we learn from cautionary information?"

VIENNA, Oct. 31 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao met his Austrian counterpart Heinz Fischer here Monday and laid out a multi-point proposal to further strengthen bilateral cooperation.During the meeting, Hu spoke highly of the ties between the two countries, saying that China values its relations with Austria and is willing to join hands with Austria to elevate bilateral ties to a higher level.Then he proposed that the two sides enhance their political relationship based on equality and mutual trust, continue with their frequent high-level contacts and steer bilateral relations from a strategic and long-term perspective.The two countries should also expand their mutually beneficial economic and trade relations, he said, while calling for concerted efforts to fight trade protectionism and encourage mutual investment so as to achieve a balanced, diversified and sustainable trade relationship.Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) shakes hands with his Austrian counterpart Heinz Fischer (R) in Vienna, Austria, Oct. 31, 2011. Hu Jintao held talks with Heinz Fischer in Vienna Monday.China is willing to import more goods from Austria and to work with Austria to seek cooperation with third countries in Central and Eastern Europe, said the Chinese president, who also asked Austria to create favorable conditions for Chinese investors in Austria.Meanwhile, Hu urged Vienna to play a more active role in pushing for the EU's recognition of China's full market economy status and for a lift of the bloc's restrictions on high-tech exports to China.In the culture sphere, the two sides should promote people-to-people exchanges and boost cooperation in culture, eduction and media among others, Hu said.In addition, the two countries should also deepen cooperation in multilateral mechanisms to jointly push for a more just and fairer international political and economic order, Hu said.China, he added, is willing to enhance cooperation and coordination with Austria on important issues such as global economic governance, climate change, energy security and peaceful settlement of international disputes.History has proven that as long as the two sides understand and support each other, and respect each other's social systems and development models, the bilateral relationship can achieve long-term, steady and healthy development, Hu said.Fischer, for his part, said that he fully agrees with Hu's proposal, adding that his country is willing to enhance cooperation with China in culture, science and technology and tourism and expand coordination in the United Nations and other multilateral frameworks.