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RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday highlighted Brazil's efforts to stop tuberculosis (TB) in its territory.According to a report released by the organization, Brazil achieved significant and sustained improvement in the fight against TB in the past years.Along with Cambodia, China, Uganda, and Tanzania, Brazil is one of the five nations which succeeded in reducing TB death rate in 2010 by half compared with 1990.The number of TB cases in the world fell for the first time in 2010, said the WHO. But with 8.8 million cases, the disease remained a major global health problem, said the organization.Although the TB death rate had significantly dropped over the years, the disease killed 1.4 million people around the world in 2010 alone.

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- An organizer of the World Stem Cell Summit says one of the key problems medical researchers face these days is how to apply their findings in the real world."How do you take the phenomenal scientific research going on in labs and translate it into medical treatments,?" said Bernie Siegel, the founder and co-chair of the summit and executive director of the Genetic Policy Institute, which organized the event."It's a big job to do this, and more than just the science," Siegel said, noting that in a growing field now moving beyond basic lab research, the aim is to connect the people who do the work with those who finance it.The three-day summit, which opened Monday in Pasadena, features more than 150 top international speakers and 50 hours of programming with leaders from science, pharmaceutics, business, policy, ethics, law and other fields.The cell therapy industry, a "nascent" field, has emerged to be a potentially multi-billion business with unlimited potential, Siegel said.Stephen Dalton, a University of Georgia professor, reported that one of the biggest developments in stem cell research in the past year was the realization that cells can be transdifferentiated from one state to another without returning to a pluripotent state.Dalton said the principle was previously supported by a few isolated examples but it was not until 2010 that the idea was widely accepted.Mark Sussman, a professor from San Diego State University, called the identification of lung stem cells from human tissue samples capable of regenerating the highly complex and specialized structures of mature lungs a breakthrough in lung biology and regenerative medicine.He said results presented by the Anversa group in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrate that human lung stem cells can be expanded in vitro and also retain the capacity to integrate into adult tissue upon introduction into mice.The study, Sussman said, has opened up an entirely new field of possibilities for lung regeneration and potential therapeutic applications for many conditions where treatment options are either very limited or nonexistent.

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard (HP) on Tuesday issued a statement to refute some security flaw claims on its LaserJet printers."Today there has been sensational and inaccurate reporting regarding a potential security vulnerability with some HP LaserJet printers. No customer has reported unauthorized access. Speculation regarding potential for devices to catch fire due to a firmware change is false," HP said in the statement.Tech blog "The Red Tape Chronicle" reported earlier Tuesday that researchers from Columbia University found that a feature named "remote firmware update" on HP's Internet-connected LaserJet printers could allow hackers take control of the device by installing malicious software, and even manage the printer to catch fire.In the statement, HP said that its LaserJet printers have a hardware element called "thermal breaker" that is designed to prevent a part of the device from overheating or causing a fire, noting that it cannot be overcome by a firmware change as it was reported.The Palo Alto, California-based company said that the specific vulnerability exists for some HP LaserJet printers it placed on a public Internet without a firewall. It conceded that on Apple's Mac computers and PCs running Linux system, it is possible for a specially formatted corrupt print job to trigger a firmware upgrade.The company said that it is building a firmware upgrade to mitigate the issue and suggested consumers could place printers behind a firewall and disable remote firmware upload on exposed printers.Researchers said in the earlier report that they believed the flaw is not limited to HP printers and millions of printers around the world could be vulnerable to hack attacks.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- The use of two drugs never tried in combination before in ovarian cancer resulted in a 70 percent destruction of cancer cells already resistant to commonly used chemotherapy agents, say researchers at Mayo Clinic in Florida.Their report, published on-line Wednesday in Gynecologic Oncology, suggests that this combination, ixabepilone and sunitinib, might offer a much needed treatment option for women with advanced ovarian cancer.Neither drug is approved for use in ovarian cancer. Ixabepilone is a chemotherapy drug that, like other taxane drugs, targets the microtubules and stops dividing cells from forming a spindle. It has been approved for use in metastatic breast cancer. Sunitinib, approved for use in kidney cancer, belongs to a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that stops growth signals from reaching inside cancer cells.When caught at late stages, ovarian cancer is often fatal because it progressively stops responding to the chemotherapy drugs used to treat it."Women die from ovarian cancer because their tumors become resistant to chemotherapy, so a drug that might be able to reduce that resistance -- which may be what this combination of agents is doing -- would be a boon to treatment of this difficult cancer," says study coauthor Gerardo Colon-Otero.The finding also highlights the importance of the role of a molecule, RhoB, that the researchers say is activated by the drug duo. It might be a potential biomarker that may help identify patients who might benefit from such combination therapy, the researchers say.

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