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WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- A hormone derived from visceral fat called adiponectin may play a role as a risk factor for development of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women, according to a study published on Monday in online issue of the Archives of Neurology.Thomas van Himbergen, from Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and colleagues measured levels of glucose, insulin, and glycated albumin, as well as C reactive protein, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, and adiponectin in the plasma of patients at the 19th biennial examination (1985 -- 1988) of the Framingham Heart Study.The 840 patients (541 women, median age of 76 years) were followed-up for an average of 13 years and evaluated for signs of the development of AD and all-cause dementia. During that time, 159 patients developed dementia, including 125 cases of AD. After adjustment for other dementia risk factors (age, low plasma docosahexaenoic acid, weight change) only adiponectin in women was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD."It is well established that insulin signaling is dysfunctional in the brains of patients with AD, and since adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, one would also expect beneficial actions protecting against cognitive decline," the authors write. "Our data, however, indicate that elevated adiponectin level was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women."

HARBIN, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- A launching ceremony for the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year was held in northeast China's Heilongjiang province Thursday.The initiative, along with an accompanying initiative to be launched in Russia in 2013, will boost people-to-people exchanges and consolidate Sino-Russian relations, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said in a statement on Dec. 31, 2011.The initiative is the third of its kind to take place between China and Russia, following Sino-Russia National Year and the Sino-Russia Year of Language held in 2006 and 2009, respectively.The creation of the 2012 Sino-Russia Tourism Year is a vital decision made by leaders of both countries to boost the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, said Shao Qiwei, director of China's National Tourism Administration.The tourism year will serve as a platform to display the abundant tourism resources of the two countries, said Grigory Sarishvili, deputy head of the Russia Federal Tourism Agency.Statistics from Russian tourism authorities showed that the number of Chinese tourists to Russia during the first nine months in 2011 saw a year-on-year increase of 52 percent.

BEIJING, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) -- A campaign that aims to boost the public's role in safeguarding food safety and promote awareness of the issue was launched at the 9th China Food Safety Annual Conference, which closed on Sunday.Food safety has a bearing on people's health as well as the nation's sound and harmonious development, said Shi Xiushi, chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), at the opening, calling for efforts to raise companies' sense of responsibility and consumers' awareness in preventing and dealing with food safety crimes.The new campaign is part of a broader five-year program (2011-2015) of food safety education announced by the State Council Food Safety Commission (SCFSC) in May.The program aims for more than 80 percent of the public to be aware of basic food safety by 2015, with the rate for primary and high-school students reaching up to 85 percent or more.ARDUOUS WORKFood safety has become a growing public concern in China following a string of scandals over recent years. In the latest one, illegal workshops were found making and selling "gutter oil," which is processed from leftovers dredged from gutters.Gu Xiulian, former vice chairwoman of the NPC's Standing Committee, the country's top legislature, said ensuring safety is the top priority for the food sector, the country's pillar industry with an output of 550 million yuan (97.3 million U.S. dollars) in the first nine months of 2011.The development of the nation's food safety has failed to keep up with the demands of a public whose living standards have improved substantially in recent years, said Shi.Pledging to do everything it can to ensure food safety, the government takes a zero-tolerance approach to companies that sell unsafe food. In 2010 alone, authorities across the country investigated and handled 130,000 cases of food safety violations, shutting down more than 100,000 companies, according to the SCFSC."The food industry's overall development level is relatively low. There are weak links in the sector's credibility, management, detection techniques and even the laws and regulations," said Pu Changcheng, deputy director of the Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.Pu's points are exemplified by China's agricultural industry, which is largely based around small-scale production managed by disparate bodies. It would be a formidable task to eradicate the sector's safety issues.The catering business also faces a similar plight. The country has issued licenses to 2.2 million catering companies, most of which are small and individually operated, making safety supervision extremely difficult, according to Bian Zhenjia, deputy head of the State Food and Drug Administration.

UNITED NATIONS, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's Permanent Representative to the UN Li Baodong said here Thursday that caution should be called for in metering out sanctions in international affairs.Li made the remarks when addressing a Security Council open debate on the question of justice and rule of law."We are in favor of improving the UN sanction regime on the basis of extensive consultations so as to improve its credibility, procedures and establishing effective monitoring mechanisms and to establish strict criteria, define timelines, " Li said."Sanctions should be only carried out on basis of facts and evidence. Double standards must be avoided. Impacts against civilian lives and social economic development must be minimized," the ambassador said.Stressing that the UN chart and the fundamental principles of international law as established in it should be upheld, Li said rule of law in international relations should be strengthened.The Charter as well as principles of international law established in it constitute the call of rule of law in international relations and represents the bedrock for developing rule of law in international relations, he said."In the conduct of international relations and international affairs, adherence to the Charter and other fundamental principles of international law, such as respect for national sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, fulfillment in international obligation in real earnest is the essence of promotion of international rule of law," said Li.According to the Charter, UN Security Council resolutions constitute the integral part of international rule of law. Promotion of international rule of law requires strict implementation of the Security Council resolutions by member states, he added.

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Underweight patients may have more possibilities of mortality within 30 days of general and vascular surgery compared with mildly obese patients, according to a research published online in Archives of Surgery Tuesday.Researchers at the U.S. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program conducted the research for the years 2005 and 2006, and assessed the contribution of BMI (Body Mass Index) to 189,533 postsurgeries morbidity and mortality by obesity classes.They found that compared with the middle BMI quintile group, patients with BMI value below 23.1, had greater chances for death. For the highest BMI quintile group, higher mortality rate was also observed.However, the researchers also found that obesity may as well be associated with increased mortality for some individual types of surgeries."These individual types of procedures include procedures with which the general surgeon should have definite experience: colorectal resection, colostomy formation, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, mastectomy, and wound debridement," said George J. Stukenborg, PhD, of the University of Virginia inCharlottesvilleand his colleagues.Based on a 30 –day morbidity and mortality risk calculation, the sample patients were categorized into BMI quintile ranges. BMI value of less than 23.1 was considered as lowest, values from 26.3 to 29.6 considered as the middle quintile, and above 35.2 considered as the highest.Factors such as lack of enough data on nonfatal complications and hospital resources, or examining mortality over the 30-day baseline, may cause limitations and inaccuracy to the research and more studies on a wider range of patients in terms of BMI are needed to further confirm the current conclusion, researchers said.

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