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The first experimental COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. is on track to begin a huge study next month to prove if it really can fend off the coronavirus, while hard-hit Brazil is testing a different shot from China.Where to do crucial, late-stage testing and how many volunteers are needed to roll up their sleeves are big worries for health officials as the virus spread starts tapering off in parts of the world.Moderna Inc. said Thursday the vaccine it is developing with the National Institutes of Health will be tested in 30,000 people in the U.S. Some will get the real shot and some a dummy shot, as scientists carefully compare which group winds up with the most infections.With far fewer COVID-19 cases in China, Sinovac Biotech turned to Brazil, the epicenter of Latin America’s outbreak, for at least part of its final testing. The government of S?o Paulo announced Thursday that Sinovac will ship enough of its experimental vaccine to test in 9,000 Brazilians starting next month.If it works, “with this vaccine we will be able to immunize millions of Brazilians,” said S?o Paulo′s Gov. Joao Doria.Worldwide, about a dozen COVID-19 potential vaccines are in early stages of testing. The NIH expects to help several additional shots move into those final, large-scale studies this summer, including one made by Oxford University that’s also being tested in a few thousand volunteers in Brazil.There’s no guarantee any of the experimental shots will pan out.But if all goes well, “there will be potential to get answers” on which vaccines work by the end of the year, Dr. John Mascola, who directs NIH’s vaccine research center, told a meeting of the National Academy of Medicine on Wednesday.Vaccines train the body to recognize a virus and fight back, and specialists say it’s vital to test shots made in different ways — to increase the odds that at least one kind will work.Sinovac’s vaccine is made by growing the coronavirus in a lab and then killing it. So-called “whole inactivated” vaccines are tried-and-true, used for decades to make shots against polio, flu and other diseases — giving the body a sneak peek at the germ itself — but growing the virus is difficult and requires lab precautions.The vaccine made by the NIH and Moderna contains no actual virus. Those shots contain the genetic code for the aptly named “spike” protein that coats the surface of the coronavirus. The body’s cells use that code to make some harmless spike protein that the immune system reacts to, ready if it later encounters the real thing. The so-called mRNA vaccine is easier to make, but it’s a new and unproven technology.Neither company has yet published results of how their shots fared in smaller, earlier-stage studies, designed to check for serious side effects and how well people’s immune systems respond to different doses.Even before proof that any potential vaccine will work, companies and governments are beginning to stockpile millions of doses so they can be ready to start vaccinating as soon as answers arrive.In the U.S., a program called “Operation Warp Speed” aims to have 300 million doses on hand by January. Under Brazil’s agreement with Sinovac, the Instituto Butantan will learn to produce the Chinese shot.___AP journalist Marcelo Silva de Sousa contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3499

The country’s top infectious disease expert is standing by his prediction that even if a COVID-19 vaccine is available by the end of this year, Americans should not expect a return to normalcy until late next year.Dr. Anthony Fauci’s latest comments come in an interview with MSNBC Friday in which he says, “If you're talking about getting back to a degree of normality which resembles where we were prior to covid, it's going to be toward the middle of 2021, maybe even end of 2021.”These statements come as more states are relaxing social distancing and lockdown measures; opening more theaters, gyms, salons and indoor dining.Dr. Fauci, who is the director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, remains confident a vaccine will be available by the end of the year. However, he says just because it’s available doesn’t mean a quick return to pre-COVID life."But by the time you mobilize the distribution of the vaccine and get a majority or more of the population vaccinated and protected, that’s likely not going to happen until the end of 2021," Dr. Fauci told host Andrea Mitchell.He also expressed concern about states reopening certain indoor activities, because of the increased risk of contracting COVID-19. 1249

The first day of October might seem like an odd time to talk about summer camp, but one business has found a way to keep its operation running overtime during the COVID-19 pandemic.Camp Sea Gull is located on a remote part of the North Carolina shore. Typically, it accommodates thousands of campers a year. But once COVID-19 hit, that changed and put the camp in a precarious position along with so many other businesses.“It was really difficult,” said camp director Allison Simmons.Simmons said the camp was able to open this summer but only with a fraction of its normal participants. So, to try to attract more people, she had the idea of opening the bunks to families who wanted a change of scenery as they work or learn from home.“To me, this is giving a lot of our parents and students some hope in breaking up the monotony of whenever their school started,” said Simmons.The reservations allow families to stay at Camp Sea Gull for up to seven days, and Simmons, along with other administrators, came up with five different activity programs for families.The camp installed high-speed WiFi throughout its buildings so parents and their kids could access it during working hours, while it worked to offer activities afterward.A normal day might include opportunities to fish, sail, canoe, and play games from 3 p.m. to sundown.“[Before coming to camp] my kids were all sitting in their rooms by themselves for 6 or 8 hours a day in front of a screen, and that’s just not normal for kids,” said Stan Coerr.Coerr says he has been coming to Camp Sea Gull for 40 years--first as a camper, then as a counselor, and now as a dad who wants to plan a getaway with his three sons ages 20, 16, and 14.“I told my boys [the pandemic] won’t be the worst thing you go through but it will probably be the weirdest,” said Coerr. “And as much as I can get them out and doing things as a family, which is kind of rare these days, I will definitely take that opportunity.”Coerr says the four of them stay in the same bunk and have each claimed a portion of it for their work. Since being at camp for a few days now he says he has noticed his sons are more attentive to their schoolwork and bicker less.It has also allowed Simmons’ business to flourish. She says camp can now stay open past August, when it would end during a normal season.She says 75 percent of the people who have signed up are new clients as well. 2412

The Federal Bureau of Investigation investigates an incident involving Trump supporters swarming a Joe Biden campaign bus as it traveled from San Antonio to Austin Saturday.According to CNN, staffers on the bus called 911 after nearly 100 vehicles blockaded the tour bus on the interstate and tried to run it off the road.On Sunday, Trump said his supporters were "protecting" the bus, according to Forbes.A Biden campaign staffer told CNN Saturday's incident involved nearly 100 vehicles.Neither Former Vice President Joe Biden nor California Sen. Kamala Harris were on the bus, CNN reported. 601

The decades-old sexual assault and murder of a young girl has been solved, thanks to DNA and genealogy records.In September 1982, 8-year-old Kelly Prosser was walking home from school in Columbus, Ohio. Prosser never made it home, and her body was found in a cornfield two days later after her raincoat was spotted.The case went unsolved for decades.DNA evidence from the items collected at the time was entered into CODIS in 2014. There were no hits.Friday, Prosser’s killer was identified as Harold Warren Jarrell, with the help of DNA evidence and genealogical research. Jarrell is now deceased, living relatives helped officers confirm details about Jarrell’s involvement.In 1977, Jarrell was charged with abducting a girl on the north side of Columbus, he was released in early 1982. Jarrell was never mentioned in Prosser’s case file. 848

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