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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As we approach the November election, all eyes are on a handful of battleground states.That’s because of an election procedure that a lot of people have questions about and one that is unique to presidential politics: the Electoral College.When you fill out a ballot for president, you’re not actually voting for the candidate whose name you see. In California, you’re actually voting for 55 people who you may have never heard of, a “slate of electors,” who turn around and cast the real votes from the state Capitol in December. It dates back to 1787. The Founding Fathers were split on the mechanics of how to elect a president, and “this was the thing that they could all agree on,” said UC San Diego political science professor Daniel Butler.The Electoral College was a compromise between the framers who were leery of giving direct power to the masses and others who opposed having Congress elect the president.“It felt a lot like Parliament, a lot like what the British did, which is not what they were going to do,” Butler said.Article II of the Constitution lays out how it works. Each state gets a number of electors equal to the size of their congressional delegation; their senators and U.S. representatives. California has 55 electors, the most of any state.The Founders set up the Electoral College system under one big assumption: that it would be extremely rare for candidates to actually secure a majority, which today is 270 votes. If the contest ended without a majority winner, it would be decided by Congress.The last election decided by Congress was in 1824. The scenario the Founders predicted might happen once or twice a century has unfolded in every election since.“I think what frustrates many people about the Electoral College is that that majority winner in the popular vote isn’t always who captures the majority in the Electoral College,” said UC San Diego political science chair Thad Kousser.In 2016, then-candidate Donald Trump became just the fifth person in history to win the Electoral College and lose the popular vote, out of 58 presidential elections. It also happened in 2000 in the contest between George W. Bush and Al Gore.The Founders envisioned the Electoral College as a check on the popular vote, able to potentially choose a different candidate than the one favored by the masses, but in practice, electors almost never do that. Most states have laws requiring electors to follow the popular vote.It was big news in 2016 when 10 electors broke ranks in an effort to block candidate Trump, because in every state electors are party loyalists, hand-picked by top leaders. So-called faithless electors have never swung an election.Kousser says for all the recent controversy surrounding the electoral college, there are some major benefits. Because the system empowers states whose electorate is closely divided between the parties, Kousser said it helps mitigate the role of money in politics.“What the electoral college does is it focuses and narrows the playing field to these few battleground states,” he said. “That's where you've got to run ads. That's where you've got to run your campaigns, not in 50 states. If we had to run 50-state campaigns then it would cost billions of dollars to win elections and it would give a huge advantage to whichever side raised the most money.”The other benefit of focusing elections on key swing states is that it pushes the parties more towards the center, Kousser argues. Without the Electoral College, he says candidates would try to “run up the score” and collect as many votes as possible in more populous states like California and Texas that tend to be more politically polarized. 3703

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - California ranked first in the U.S. for most fun states in a WalletHub survey.States were evaluated on factors that make fun a way of life. The top states offered a variety of activities for everyone to find a source of enjoyment.Cost was a consideration, too. WalletHub compared states for indicators of a good time that isn’t too expensive.Here’s how California breaks down, per capita: 415

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- As the ballot count continues, there’s been an explosion of rumors and misinformation on social media about the integrity of the process.Fact checkers have their hands full with false claims like #Sharpiegate.In this one, people in Arizona’s Maricopa County claimed election workers were up to no good by forcing them to mark ballots with Sharpies, those ballots would be invalid.#Sharpiegate was re-tweeted more than 300,000 times in just a few hours, according to the Election Integrity Project.However, Maricopa County Election officials say Sharpies are absolutely OK.In San Diego County, the Registrar of Voters Office says using a Sharpie will not invalidate a ballot. Even if ink bleeds through, it will not affect ovals on the other side, officials said.John Silva with the News Literacy Project says some of the rumors can be traced to regional differences. Different states have different election laws.“Almost every county, almost every city does things a little bit differently,” he said. “You see something in one part of the country and they're using Sharpies, but where you vote Sharpies are a ‘no no,’ you might interpret that as being something that's wrong even though it's totally right.”In other cases, false information might be spread intentionally for partisan purposes, he said.Silva encourages people to be skeptical of posts with certain key phrases that can be keywords of manipulation like “just let that sink in.”“We don't like this idea of being uncomfortable that there's some big thing that we're not aware of,” he said. “In the discomfort and the anxiety of not knowing, we might accept [the false information].”Other phrases to watch for: “the media won’t cover this” or “they don’t want you to know this.” There are thousands of journalists across the country who have strong incentives to be the first to break big stories -- provided of course that they are true.Another phrase: “let’s make this go viral.” Silva said this one plays into the psychological pressures of FOMO: fear of missing out.“We don't want to get left behind if everybody's following this one thing or believing in this one thing,” he said.Silva said we all need to take ownership of our online activities.“Every time you share or post something on social media, you're putting your reputation on the line,” he said. 2351

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Darryl McDaniels is known throughout the hip-hop world as a pioneer. But it's comic pioneers that he credits for elevating his art form.The founding member of Run DMC has grown up around comics, spending his childhood collecting, drawing, and envisioning himself in a super suit of his own. It's comics that he says taught him As a little kid, all I did was read, draw, and collect comic books. So at that time, I was this nerdy, geeky, little kid that had all this cool stuff inside of me — that the world didn't think was cool — but no way to let it out," McDaniels says.RELATED: Artist Quincy Victoria taps into Filipino passions through comic book hero 'Kawal'Comic books were McDaniels' outlet during a childhood where being teased and bullied was normalcy."My release from the traumatic existence of being teased, bullied, and picked on [were] comic books," he added.Spider-Man, in particular, was someone McDaniels could see himself as.RELATED: San Diego Star Wars cosplayers use force for charity"People always wonder, 'why does this guy continuously tell us he's from Queens?'" McDaniels says. "When I was a little kid, I'm reading Spider-Man and then I found out Peter Parker lives in Queens. Where did I live at? Queens. So you see the dynamic power, the affect that it had on me as an individual?"But Parker's antics in the pages of Marvel Comics reached McDaniels further.Another thing I saw in Peter Park that was similar with me, he was awkward. Even though he's the mighty Spider-Man he's trying to figure life out. Then I notice he's a great student, so it made me walk around the hood like, 'what? You sell drugs and I got an 'A.' What?'" McDaniels recalls. "So these guys gave me confidence."RELATED: Wonder Woman's first female illustrator shares origins story at San Diego Comic-ConThat upbringing helped tailor some of McDaniels' lyrics."I learned something from comic books that I manifested in real life. Marvel Comics taught me to defined yourself with an adjective and tell the world who you are. So for me, I'm Darryl McDaniels," he said. "The initials of my name are 'DMC.' But comic books and Stan Lee taught me when I get on the microphone, I'm no longer mild-mannered school kid Darryl McDaniels ... DMC transforms into the " Devastating, Mic Controlling' DMC."Now, not only does McDaniels' love of comics shine through his music, but literally in his own comic publisher: Darryl Makes Comics (DMC)."So we're going to educate. We're going to talk about the issues, we're going to talk about politics, we're going to talk about homophobia, we're going to talk about drugs," McDaniels says. "The arts succeeds where politics and religion fails." 2701

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Authorities eradicated a massive illegal marijuana grow operation discovered near a popular trail in the Rancho Pe?asquitos area.According to Drug Enforcement Administration officials, San Diego police officers were called out to an area of the Del Mar Mesa Preserve on Tuesday regarding a homeless encampment. That’s when they discovered more than 2,000 marijuana plants.The plants were 5- to 7-feet tall and were ready to be harvested. The street value of the crop is estimated to cost as much as .5 million, the DEA said.The plants were hidden below the canopy of the natural vegetation.“The way that it was set up, it was obvious people were living on that property, would lead us to believe, if we had to make a guess, it was most likely cartel-related,” DEA officials said.They called it a sophisticated operation, adding it was rare to see an illegal grow of its size growing in a city so close to homes.“In this case, we think it's more likely they found a fire hydrant or some sort of a city water source that they were able to tap into,” DEA officials said. “We couldn’t find that in this case, but we think that’s the most likely scenario.”Authorities said there was also an extreme fire danger associated with the grow. They found trash in the vicinity, as well as two propane tanks and open flame burners for cooking in an area with tall, dry vegetation.Authorities have not found anyone connected to the illegal operation. They are asking the community with any information to come forward. 1534

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