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CANBERRA, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A genetic study on Friday found Aboriginal Australians are descended from the first people to leave Africa up to 75,000 years ago.Researchers from the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University and an international team analyzed genetic material of a 100-year-old West Australian Aboriginal man's hair, and found he was directly descended from a migration out of Africa into Asia.The study revealed that Australian Aboriginal ancestors split from the first modern human populations to leave Africa, between 64,000 and 75,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before other human migrations.According to Dr. Joe Dortch, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, the discovery rewrites the history of the human species by confirming humans moved out of Africa in waves of migrations rather than in one single out-of-Africa diaspora.It also rewrites the story about how Aborigines arrived in Australia some 50,000 years ago."So far there are no [archaeological] sites that are over 50, 000 years old so it puts a time limit on that and focuses our future efforts," he said in a statement released on Friday.Dr. Dortch believes the finding will foster a sense of pride in modern Australian Aborigines."No-one else in the world can say 'I am descended from people who have been here 75,000 years'."Associate Professor Darren Curnoe, leader of the Human Evolutionary Biology Lab in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences at the University of New South Wales, said the study powerfully confirms that Aboriginal Australians are one of the oldest living populations in the world, certainly the oldest outside of Africa."Australians are truly one of the world's great human populations and a very ancient one at that, with deep connections to the Australian continent and broader Asian region. About this now there can be no dispute," he told Xinhua in an email note.Meanwhile, Professor Alan Cooper, Director of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA (ACAD) at the University of Adelaide, said while this is a major step forward, the key unresolved question remains the unique story of Aboriginal history within Australia, such as what has happened in those 50,000 years of life in the harsh Australian environment."Unfortunately, the information from a single individual tells us very little about this fascinating, and critically important part of human history. Aborigines are one of the oldest continuous human populations outside Africa, as they note in the paper, and due to the geographic isolation and limited archaeological records remain one of the most mysterious chapters in human history," he told Xinhua on Friday.The study is published on Friday in the journal Science.Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands. They together make up more than 2.5 percent of Australia's population.

WASHINGTON, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Short sleep duration may contribute to the development or worsening of hyperactivity and inattention during early childhood, suggests a research abstract that was presented Tuesday at SLEEP 2011, the 25th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC.Results show that less sleep in preschool-age children significantly predicted worse parent-reported hyperactivity and inattention at kindergarten. The sample consisted of approximately 6,860 children, and analyses controlled for gender, ethnicity and family income."Children who were reported to sleep less in preschool were rated by their parents as more hyperactive and less attentive compared to their peers at kindergarten," said lead author Erika Gaylor, senior researcher for SRI International, an independent, nonprofit research institute in Menlo Park, California. "These findings suggest that some children who are not getting adequate sleep may be at risk for developing behavioral problems manifested by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and problems sitting still and paying attention." According to the authors, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not generally diagnosed until the school-age years. However, the onset of developmentally inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity is often much younger. Sleep problems, particularly difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, are frequently reported in children and adolescents with ADHD. However, the direction of causation, if any, has been difficult to determine. Longitudinal studies may provide a window into the direction of this complex relationship.Last year at SLEEP 2010, Gaylor reported that having a regular bedtime was the most consistent predictor of positive developmental outcomes at four years of age. Having an earlier bedtime also was predictive of higher scores for most developmental measures.

SEOUL, Aug. 31 (Xinhua) -- South Korea's infant mortality rate decreased by nearly half in the last 20 years to stand as the world's 16th lowest, a report showed Wednesday.South Korea had an infant mortality rate of 2.2 per 1,000 in 2009, compared with four deaths per 1,000 newborns reported in 1990, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Save the Children, an international non-governmental organization working for children's rights, said in a joint report.With a 45 percent decline in the infant mortality rate, South Korea ranked 16th lowest among WHO member countries, down from its 88th spot in 1990, according to the report. South Korea's infant mortality rate was the same as France, Estonia and Malta. Meanwhile, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) also showed a decline in the infant mortality rate from 23 per 1,000 in 1990 to 18.1 per 1,000 in 2009, but still remained in the lower ranks with 125th place.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 29 (Xinhua) -- Apple has ousted Nokia as the world's largest smartphone maker as global mobile phone market grew more than 11.3 percent in the second quarter of 2011, according to two separate market research studies.After becoming the largest smartphone vendor in terms of revenue and profits, Apple has become the world's largest smartphone vendor by volume with 18.5 percent market share, said the latest research from Strategy Analytics released on Friday.The Cupertino, California-based company sold 20.3 million iPhones in the second quarter,up 142 percent compared with the same period a year earlier.Samsung's shipments of 19.2 million units grew a huge 520 percent year over year, accounting for 17.5 percent global smartphone market share in the second quarter of 2011.Apple and Samsung overtook long-time volume leader Nokia for the two spots. The Finnish mobile phone giant accounted for 15.2 percent of global smartphone market share in the last quarter, which is less than half of what it was just one year earlier.In the second quarter of 2010, Nokia was the No.1 smartphone maker by volume in the world with 38.1 percent of market share. The industry is now waiting Nokia's pending transition to Windows Phone 7.According to a separate report by International Data Corporation (IDC) released on Thursday, the worldwide mobile phone market grew by 11.3 percent year over year in the second quarter of 2011 despite a decline of the feature phone market for the first time in almost two years.The feature phone market was down by 4 percent in the last quarter, said the IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker report. It noted that the decline in shipments was mainly in economically mature regions, such as the United States, Japan and Western Europe, as users making rapid transition to smartphones.The shrinking feature phone market had a great impact on some of the world's largest suppliers of mobile phones, such as Nokia, which is losing share in the feature phone category to low-cost suppliers, said the report.For the overall market, global mobile phone vendors shipped 365. 4 million units in the second quarter, compared to 328.4 million units in the same period last year, with Nokia still holding the top spot with a market share of 24.2 percent, followed by Samsung, LG Electronics, Apple and ZTE.But the 11.3 percent growth was lower than IDC's forecast for the quarter and also below the 16.8 percent growth in the first quarter of 2011.IDC said the feature phone forecast isn't expected to be any rosier in the future and the shipment growth of feature phones won 't exceed 1.1 percent in the coming years.

VANCOUVER, Sept. 18 (Xinhua) -- At the fourth International Qigong Tournament and Exchange currently going on in Vancouver, many of the competitors spoke Sunday of how the practice had improved their lives after being able to overcome the complications of illness and injury.While many of the more than 300 competitors in the eight-day tournament were out to demonstrate they were among the best practitioners in the world, others were clearly happy to be competing after previously living with various ailments that had affected their mobility and overall way of life."I've been very ill," said competitor Felicia Kazmer of the New Jersey-based U.S. Health Qigong Association. "I have Lyme disease and infections. I was out on medical for six months last year and through the practice of Qigong, and especially the intense practice because I knew we were coming to the tournament, I am feeling better than I have in years and years. I know that this has opened the meridians and allowed the qi to flow and it's worked better than any drug."While Qigong has been practiced in China for centuries, it is relatively new to the outside world. It is for this reason that after holding the biennial International Qigong Tournament and Exchange in China on the first three occasions, the event was moved abroad for the first time to help increase its awareness and growing popularity.Altogether, 44 Health Qigong teams are in Canada from 25 nations and regions for the tournament.Philip Moot, a 26-year-old from The Hague, was attending the tournament for a second time after taking in the last competition in Shanghai in 2009. Now studying Chinese acupuncture, the Dutchman said he took up Qigong after suffering from Pfieffer, a glandular fever that is a fatigue illness."I was always tired and when I woke up in the morning I felt already tired. Then I started with Qigong and exercises and it improved my health enormously. I'm doing it now, I think four years, and it made me stronger. The tiredness is gone."Moot said the more you put into Qigong, a series of movements and postures that focuses on regulated breathing techniques, focused meditation and self-massage, the more a person will get out of it.He compared the practice to charging up a battery and added he had now turned his parents on to Qigong, as well as a friend's father who is battling cancer. "It's helping him also to relieve the pain a little and not to think constantly of this disease."According to various clinical studies, the regular practice of Qigong has shown to be beneficial in reducing stress, better balance, lowering blood pressure, enhancing the immune system, improving sleep patterns, as well as improved cardiovascular, respiratory, circulatory and digestive functions, among many others.Depending on who you talk to, the benefits of Health Qigong means different things to different people, according to practitioner Susan Gallin. The New Jersey nurse took up the practice 18 months ago after undergoing knee surgery."But after the surgery my knee was never back to normal. So someone suggested to take Qigong," she said. "And I started taking it and it was amazing. I guess maybe after a couple of months my knee started to feel better and I'm not 100 per cent right now, but I do really well. I can squat down, things I couldn't do before the surgery."Working in the medical industry, Gallin said she was at odds with the western mentality of taking pills for everything. She felt hospitals should offer more wellness programs than they do."Some of the hospitals in the United States offer such things that include this type of alternative medicine, but I don't think it's enough. Some of the bigger pharmaceutical companies offer wellness programs before the hospitals and you would think we are in a healthcare system that they would offer a wellness (program), try to keep you well so you don't get sick. I know for myself I always try to do whatever I can before I take a pill."Reg Carter knows what it is like to endure a steady diet of pills after having to take anti-inflammatories and painkillers for problems with his joints. For the past two years the native Derby, England, has been practicing Qigong and was in Vancouver as part of the British team taking part."I had shoulder injuries, a broken collarbone, arthritis of several joints, elbows, my hands, fingers and the mobility has improved considerably since I've been doing the Qigong. The mobility has improved and also with the strengthening through the lower body and legs. The back injuries has improved. I don't get so much pain and I find I can move about a lot more fluidly," he said."I just feel like I've had a lot more life balance. I feel a lot more calmer. My sleep pattern's improved. I don't get angry so often, and if I do I find that I can get to grips with it and keep a lot calmer."Toronto resident Karen Widmer has never endured the pain suffered by Carter, but credits the energy of Qigong in aiding the recovery of a broken wrist she suffered four years ago while studying a level one Qigong course.Through regular practice, Qigong practitioners are said to be able to direct the energy in the body, the qi, towards the limbs."I completed it (the course) with a broken wrist and I could feel the energy repair much faster and the recovery time was better than they had actually thought," said the yoga instructor.Now totally hooked on Health Qigong and with 5,000 hours of practice to her credit, the 50-something Widmer explains it takes 10,000 hours of practice to achieve the title of "master.""While it looks like a physical process, it's actually very much more a spiritual process. Since we are electro-magnetic beings, it makes sense that we could send that current around in a positive way. But it does lead a person to longevity. It's a wellness that is authentic and I hope to be 100 years old and still doing it," she said."I have always enjoyed movement knowing that movement is health. And I would say that even people who aren't athletic can do this. It helps balance. Balance prevents falls, which prevents breakage. It is very beneficial to do this."

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