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It’s been four months since most of the nation’s schools abruptly shut down because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, schools are considering reopening, while COVID-19 cases continue to rise. So what’s changed that supposedly makes a return to campus safe?“Occasionally you have schools close because there's an outbreak of measles or flu or something like that, but not to this scale,” Dr. Elizabeth Hinde, Dean of the School of Education at Metropolitan State University of Denver, said.Districts are scrambling to figure out how to return to school this fall as COVID-19 continues to spread across the U.S.Back in March, almost every school was forced to close, a mindset much different than today's.So what has changed? We sat down with a global health affairs professor, an education expert, and an infectious disease doctor to look at the changes between now and four months ago.Within the span of a week, states told their schools to shut down.“When everything closed down in March, we were comforting a new disease, we were terrified at what it could do,” Dr. Sandy Johnson, director of the global health affairs program at the University of Denver, said.Little was known about COVID-19.“School closures are always a part of the mitigation strategy along with quarantine, stay at home orders, etcetera,” Dr. John Hammer, an infectious disease specialist at Rose Medical Center, said. “The difference between March and now is that we have a better sense of how the virus works. How it’s transmitted.”There’s more to this decision than a better understanding of the virus.“When we’re talking about whether or not schools should open, another factor is the loss in achievement and also there are equity issues that have really come to the fore” Dr. Hinde said.Kids finished the school year from home -- some didn't have the proper tools or the support of a school, opening the door for inequity.“We know that there are mental health issues,” Dr. Johnson said. “Our front line social workers that are looking for domestic violence and we know domestic violence has been going up. So there are many important roles in addition to education that come in those schools.” This also includes food and housing insecurity.Another factor in consideration -- teacher health.“These folks are balancing fear. Fear for their health, fear for the health of their families, with this real desire. They understand how important education is,” Dr. Johnson said.“There's just no definitive answers that principals and superintendents and teachers can lean on,” Dr. Hinde said.What was a state decision in the spring has now been put on the shoulders of school districts, as they weigh the pros and cons of returning to in-person learning.“Every school board, every school district, has to make a very tough decision. It is a very delicate balancing act,” Dr. Hammer said.“Local control is a strength in American schools, but it does make decision making very complex, because the superintendents of schools and principals are listening to all these different voices,” Dr. Hinde said.From teacher health and safety, to inequities in learning and the mental health of children, school leaders have a lot of elements to look at when it comes to opening classroom doors.“I think in the next couple weeks we’ll see decisions made,” Dr. Hinde said. “All of this, it’s a new world.” 3367

Interim security clearances for White House aides, including Jared Kushner, were downgraded last week after chief of staff John Kelly stipulated new changes to how officials access the nation's secrets, according to sources familiar with the matter.Aides who previously operated on "top secret" interim clearances saw their access changed to "secret," a classification for less sensitive material.In a February 16 memo, Kelly stated that White House officials who have been operating on interim clearances since last June would have their temporary clearances discontinued.That included Kushner, the President's son-in-law and senior adviser. Asked on Friday whether he would grant Kushner an exemption from the new mandate, Trump said it would be Kelly's decision.The White House has refused to detail the status of Kushner's clearance.Kushner is accepting the decision about his security clearance and "will not ask for special permission" from the President, one person familiar with situation says.Politico first reported the security clearance downgrade."He is a valued member of the team and will continue to do the important work he has been doing since he started in the administration," press secretary Sarah Sanders said on Tuesday.After the memo's release, White House officials worked to identify a way for Kushner to continue working on his portfolio of issues -- including on the Middle East and China -- that would avoid forcing Trump to personally intervene.Officials have expressed worry that Trump's personal involvement could create problems within the West Wing and with Kelly.The-CNN-Wire? & ? 2018 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved. 1701

In newly-released guidance from the CDC, the federal agency cautions front-line workers to avoid interacting with those who violently protest not wearing masks.This comes as many states now require masks to be worn in all public indoor locations, such as retailers and grocery stores. Despite state laws, many top retailers have already cautioned employees against enforcing mask rules.The CDC guidance encourages companies to provide training for employees on how to handle these situations.The guidance says that employees should not attempt to force anyone who appears upset or violent to follow COVID-19 policies. The guidance also applies to other related COVID-19 policies, such as limits on household items or food products).To read the full guidance, click here. 778

Ireland has voted an emphatic "Yes" to amend the country's constitution to enable legislation that would allow women to have an abortion in a historic and emotionally charged referendum.With a high turnout of 64.13%, 1,429,98, or 66.4%, voted for the amendment Friday and 723,632, or 33.6%, against, according to the country's Referendum Commission. The results that were announced Saturday defied earlier projections that it would be a tight race.Only one county voted no -- the rural and religiously conservative Donegal in northwest Ireland.The vote signifies a resounding victory for the government of Leo Varadkar, the Prime Minister, or Taoiseach as the office is called in Ireland."Today is a historic day for Ireland," Varadkar said at a press conference. "A quiet revolution has taken place, and today is a great act of democracy.""A hundred years since women gained the right to vote, today we as a people have spoken," he said. "And we say that we trust women and respect women to make their own decisions and their own choices." He noted that people in "almost every county, almost every constituency, men and women, all social classes and almost all age groups" voted to repeal the amendment. "We are not a divided country," he said.Chants of "Yes we did" rose from the crowd as the Referendum Commission's Returning Officer Barry Ryan announced the final results.It was a scene of jubilation as some supporters burst into tears. Others began laughing as they hugged one another and asked each other, "Can you believe we did this?"Emma Gallagher, 22, began crying as she heard the final results."I feel safe now, I feel comfortable," she told CNN. "It felt for a long time women didn't matter. ... Now we know that we matter."Rene Wogan, 66, held Gallagher's hand and told her, "It was all for justice. You're forwarding the flag on for women."Thousands of people packed the square in front of Dublin Castle as abortion rights politicians, including Varadkar, also joined the celebration.He told Sky TV he expected legislation to be voted through by the end of the year."I feel enormous relief and great pride in the people of Ireland who didn't maybe know what they thought until they were finally asked the questions," Ailbhe Smyth, a longtime women's rights activist, told CNN."It has been a long and very hard road, but we never lost sight of this because it's so central to the existence, and the selfhood and personhood of women to have that control of our own bodies."The Eighth Amendment, which was added to the constitution following a referendum in 1983, banned abortion in Ireland unless there was a "real and substantial risk" to the mother's life.Repeal of the amendment has completed a circle of sweeping social reforms in the European Union nation that fly in the face of the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church, from contraception to divorce, and most recently same-sex marriage.Roscommon, in the rural interior, the only county to say no to same-sex marriage, also voted yes in the abortion referendum.Thousands of Irish working abroad returned to Ireland to cast their vote.Those opposed to abortion vowed Saturday to take their fight now to the Irish Parliament, where lawmakers will have to bring about legislation allowing for terminations in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy -- and later in cases where there is a risk to the mother's life or the fetus is not expected to survive.Dr. Ruth Cullen, spokeswoman for the anti-abortion LoveBoth campaign, conceded defeat Saturday before the count had finished."We will hold the Taoiseach to his promise that repeal would only lead to abortion in very restrictive circumstances. He gave his word on this, now he must deliver on it. No doubt many people voted for repeal based on the Taoiseach's promises in this regard," Cullen said at a press conference Saturday.The death of an Indian dentist ignited the abortion rights campaign in Ireland. Savita Halappanavar, 31, died in 2012 because of complications from a natural miscarriage after abortion was denied to her.Voters over 65 were the only age group overall not supporting the repeal of the amendment.Ireland's vote will likely put pressure on Northern Ireland to change its abortion laws, too. Despite Northern Ireland being part of the UK, the 1967 Abortion Act legalizing abortions never applied there, and even victims of rape and incest are forced to travel to mainland Britain if they want a termination.The-CNN-Wire 4478

In one exceptional piece of journalism, content creators led readers to understand everything about "The Wall" that President Donald's Trump has proposed for the U.S.-Mexico border.That content includes an aerial video of every foot of the border. It allows people to explore every piece of fence and "even stand at the border in virtual reality." It was made as an effort of the Arizona Republic with the USA Today Network, and it is the winner of a prestigious journalism award.Go here to see "The Wall" project"The Wall" is one of many tireless journalism efforts named a winner of the 65th Scripps Howard Awards. WATCH THE 65TH SCRIPPS HOWARD AWARDSThe winner in the Scripps Howard Awards' "Topic of the Year — Divided America" category, VICE News sent a correspondent behind the scenes with white nationalist leaders as well as counterprotesters in Charlottesville, Virginia in the days after a "Unite the Right" rally in 2017 that left three dead.VICE News' content is called "Charlottesville: Race & Terror" and includes comments from residents of Charlottesville, members of the Black Lives Matter movement and the Charlottesville Police.Go here to see "Charlottesville: Race & Terror""Harassed" by the New York Times also won a Scripps Howard Awards honor in the "Investigative Reporting" category. The piece uncovers "the secret histories of prominent men across industries who were accused of sexual harassment and misconduct that affected women ranging from actresses to factory workers to food servers." The articles in this series were a catalyst for the #MeToo movement.See "Harassed" by the New York TimesThe Scripps Howard Awards aim to spotlight the very best in quality journalism that impacts the world in which we live. Journalists spend countless hours away from those in their personal lives in order to expose truths and bring about change and justice. Those being honored with these awards, in several categories, are journalism heroes. 2078

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