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WELLINGTON, July 26 (Xinhua) -- Children born early are less likely to develop serious behavioral problems than previously thought because previous studies may have relied too much on the opinions of "sensitive" parents, according to a controversial New Zealand research.The study by the Child Development Research Group at the University of Canterbury looked at the emotional and behavioral adjustment of children born very preterm (VPT).It showed that by age 6 children born very preterm (less than 33 weeks) were at an increased risk of emotional and attentional problems when compared with their full term peers, said a statement from the university.However, the findings suggested the risks may be lower than previous studies had suggested, because previous studies primarily relied on parents to provide information on their children's conditions, said lead author Samudragupta Bora."While parents are an important source of information about their child, it is also important to gather information from other significant people in the child's life such as their classroom teacher," said Bora.Bora and other members of the research team, found that parents reported higher rates of emotional and attention problems in their children than teachers did."Having a baby born prematurely is an extremely stressful experience for parents. During their baby's stay in the neonatal unit most parents will have been alerted to the possibility of their child developing problems such as behavioral difficulties in the future due to being born too early. Therefore, very understandably, many parents of these children are very sensitive to the possibility of developmental problems," he said."The use of multiple informants - parents, teachers and clinical observation - to assess VPT children's well-being is important to minimize the effects of report source bias and the over or under-identification of adjustment problems in children born VPT," said Bora."This is controversial because it shows that reliance on parents or teachers alone can lead to data validity issues."Although children born VPT were at higher risk of showing emotional and attentional problems, the risks of more severe problems were relatively modest, said Bora.The findings have been published the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.

HAVANA, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- Cuba's Ministry of Public Health launched an intensive sanitation campaign Monday against the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which can spread dengue fever.The operation, which is running through Sept. 15, will cover the most vulnerable cities in the country, including the capital Havana and the eastern city Guantanamo.Deputy Health Minister Luis Estruch stressed the importance of the prevention campaign and urged all families to check their houses for mosquitoes each week.Maria Guadalupe Guzman, director of the Pan-American and World Health Organization Cooperation Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector at the Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, said the epidemiological situation in the country is stable. However, she warned that an epidemic outbreak is still possible in the island state, given the high temperatures and heavy rains in the eastern areas, and drought in the west.Cuba, along with Chile and Uruguay, are the only Latin American countries where dengue is not endemic.In 1981, the country suffered its worst dengue outbreak in history, which left 158 dead.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 15 (Xinhua) -- The rates of new lung cancer cases in the United States dropped among men in 35 states and among women in six states between 1999 and 2008, according to a report released Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Among women, lung cancer incidence decreased nationwide between 2006 and 2008, after increasing steadily for decades.The decrease in lung cancer cases corresponds closely with smoking patterns across the nation, the report said. In the West, where smoking prevalence is lower among men and women than in other regions, lung cancer incidence is decreasing faster. Studies show declines in lung cancer rates can be seen as soon as five years after smoking rates decline.The report also noted that states that make greater investments in effective tobacco control strategies see larger reductions in smoking; and the longer they invest, the greater the savings in smoking -- related health care costs. Such strategies include higher tobacco prices, hard-hitting media campaigns, 100 percent smoke-free policies, and easily accessible quitting treatments and services for those who want to quit."Although lung cancer among men and women has decreased over the past few years," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden in a statement. "too many people continue to get sick and die from lung cancers, most of which are caused by smoking. The more we invest in proven tobacco control efforts, the fewer people will die from lung cancer."Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke cause most lung cancer deaths in the United States.

BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Researchers have discovered how a human egg captures an incoming sperm for fertilization, paving the way to help couples suffering from infertility, according to media reports on Monday.An international team of researchers found that a sugar chain known as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence (SLeX) makes the outer coat of the egg “sticky,” which has proven to be helpful in binding the egg and the sperm.As a result, this observation has filled in a huge gap in the understanding of fertility and provides hope for ultimately helping couples who currently cannot conceive.Scientists and doctors know that a sperm identifies an egg when proteins on the head of the sperm match and bind to a series of specific sugars in the egg’s outer coating. With a successful match of proteins, the outside surfaces of the sperm and egg then bind together before merging, which is then followed by delivery of sperm’s DNA into egg.To identify this molecules, the researchers used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology to observe and identify which molecules are most likely to be key in the binding process.They experimented with a range of synthesised sugars in the laboratory and found that it is SLeX that specifically binds sperm to an egg.According to the World Health Organisation, infertility affects about 15 percent of reproductive-aged couples around the world and almost one in every seven couples in Britain has problems conceiving a child for various reasons.

LOS ANGELES, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The Aquarius/SAC-D observatory, NASA's first ever satellite to study the saltiness of Earth's oceans, is in excellent health after its launch early Friday, initial telemetry reports showed.The observatory rocketed into space from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket at 7:20:13 a.m. PDT (10:20:13 a.m. EDT).Less than 57 minutes later, the observatory separated from the rocket's second stage and began activation procedures, establishing communications with ground controllers and unfurling its solar arrays, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.During the next 25 days, the Aquarius/SAC-D service platform will be tested and maneuvered into its final operational, near-polar orbit 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Science operations will begin after the observatory's instruments are checked out. This commissioning phase may last up to 65 days, JPL said.Aquarius will map the global open ocean once every seven days for at least three years with a resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The maps will show how ocean surface salinity changes each month, season and year. Scientists expect to release preliminary salinity maps later this year."Aquarius is a critical component of our Earth sciences work, and part of the next generation of space-based instruments that will take our knowledge of our home planet to new heights," said NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver. "The innovative scientists and engineers who contributed to this mission are part of the talented team that will help America win the future and make a positive impact across the globe."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing thermal microwave emissions from the water's surface with three microwave instruments called radiometers. When other environmental factors are equal, these emissions indicate the saltiness of surface water. A microwave radar scatterometer instrument will measure ocean waves that affect the precision of the salinity measurement.Because salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, Aquarius will be able to detect changes as small as approximately two parts per 10,000, equivalent to about one-eighth of a teaspoon of salt in a gallon of water."Data from this mission will advance our understanding of the ocean and prediction of the global water cycle," said Michael Freilich, director of NASA's Earth Science Division in the Science Mission Directorate at agency headquarters in Washington. "This mission demonstrates the power of international collaboration and accurate spaceborne measurements for science and societal benefit. This would not be possible without the sustained cooperation of NASA, CONAE and our other partners."The Aquarius/SAC-D (Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas) observatory is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina's space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).Aquarius was built by NASA's JPL and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida manages the launch.JPL will manage Aquarius through its commissioning phase and archive mission data. Goddard will manage Aquarius mission operations and process science data. CONAE is providing the SAC-D spacecraft, optical camera, thermal camera with Canada, microwave radiometer, sensors from various Argentine institutions and the mission operations center. France and Italy also are contributing instruments.