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Who gets to be first in line for a COVID-19 vaccine? U.S. health authorities hope by late next month to have some draft guidance on how to ration initial doses, but it’s a vexing decision.“Not everybody’s going to like the answer,” Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health, recently told one of the advisory groups the government asked to help decide. “There will be many people who feel that they should have been at the top of the list.”Traditionally, first in line for a scarce vaccine are health workers and the people most vulnerable to the targeted infection.But Collins tossed new ideas into the mix: Consider geography and give priority to people where an outbreak is hitting hardest.And don’t forget volunteers in the final stage of vaccine testing who get dummy shots, the comparison group needed to tell if the real shots truly work.“We owe them ... some special priority,” Collins said.Huge studies this summer aim to prove which of several experimental COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. Moderna Inc. and Pfizer Inc. began tests last week that eventually will include 30,000 volunteers each; in the next few months, equally large calls for volunteers will go out to test shots made by AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Novavax. And some vaccines made in China are in smaller late-stage studies in other countries.For all the promises of the U.S. stockpiling millions of doses, the hard truth: Even if a vaccine is declared safe and effective by year’s end, there won’t be enough for everyone who wants it right away -- especially as most potential vaccines require two doses.It’s a global dilemma. The World Health Organization is grappling with the same who-goes-first question as it tries to ensure vaccines are fairly distributed to poor countries -- decisions made even harder as wealthy nations corner the market for the first doses.In the U.S., the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a group established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is supposed to recommend who to vaccinate and when -- advice that the government almost always follows.But a COVID-19 vaccine decision is so tricky that this time around, ethicists and vaccine experts from the National Academy of Medicine, chartered by Congress to advise the government, are being asked to weigh in, too.Setting priorities will require “creative, moral common sense,” said Bill Foege, who devised the vaccination strategy that led to global eradication of smallpox. Foege is co-leading the academy’s deliberations, calling it “both this opportunity and this burden.”With vaccine misinformation abounding and fears that politics might intrude, CDC Director Robert Redfield said the public must see vaccine allocation as “equitable, fair and transparent.”How to decide? The CDC’s opening suggestion: First vaccinate 12 million of the most critical health, national security and other essential workers. Next would be 110 million people at high risk from the coronavirus -- those over 65 who live in long-term care facilities, or those of any age who are in poor health -- or who also are deemed essential workers. The general population would come later.CDC’s vaccine advisers wanted to know who’s really essential. “I wouldn’t consider myself a critical health care worker,” admitted Dr. Peter Szilagyi, a pediatrician at the University of California, Los Angeles.Indeed, the risks for health workers today are far different than in the pandemic’s early days. Now, health workers in COVID-19 treatment units often are the best protected; others may be more at risk, committee members noted.Beyond the health and security fields, does “essential” mean poultry plant workers or schoolteachers? And what if the vaccine doesn’t work as well among vulnerable populations as among younger, healthier people? It’s a real worry, given that older people’s immune systems don’t rev up as well to flu vaccine.With Black, Latino and Native American populations disproportionately hit by the coronavirus, failing to address that diversity means “whatever comes out of our group will be looked at very suspiciously,” said ACIP chairman Dr. Jose Romero, Arkansas’ interim health secretary.Consider the urban poor who live in crowded conditions, have less access to health care and can’t work from home like more privileged Americans, added Dr. Sharon Frey of St. Louis University.And it may be worth vaccinating entire families rather than trying to single out just one high-risk person in a household, said Dr. Henry Bernstein of Northwell Health.Whoever gets to go first, a mass vaccination campaign while people are supposed to be keeping their distance is a tall order. During the 2009 swine flu pandemic, families waited in long lines in parking lots and at health departments when their turn came up, crowding that authorities know they must avoid this time around.Operation Warp Speed, the Trump administration’s effort to speed vaccine manufacturing and distribution, is working out how to rapidly transport the right number of doses to wherever vaccinations are set to occur.Drive-through vaccinations, pop-up clinics and other innovative ideas are all on the table, said CDC’s Dr. Nancy Messonnier.As soon as a vaccine is declared effective, “we want to be able the next day, frankly, to start these programs,” Messonnier said. “It’s a long road.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5581

WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. -- Two specially modified shotguns and ammunition were stolen from Palm Beach Zoo in the hours between late Wednesday and early Thursday.Head of Communications & Public Relations for Palm Beach Zoo, Naki Carter, says someone broke into the zoo and pried open a gun safe that stored the weapons.The shotguns were used by the zoo's "critical response team" in cases of emergency.The zoo is offering a ,000 reward for the return of the weapons.When asked if this was thought to be an "inside job", Carter had no comment.If the perpetrator(s) is caught with the weapons, which require a federal permit, they could face 10 years in prison and a fine.Carter says Palm Beach Zoo has increased security measures since the theft, but will not go into detail as to what those measures entail. 828

West Virginia public school teachers will strike for an eighth day Monday because the state legislature didn't meet their demand for higher pay and better benefits over the weekend.All 55 counties announced school closures for Monday. About 20,000 teachers walked out February 22, keeping almost 277,000 students out of class.Union leaders say the teachers won't return to work until they get a 5% raise.The pay raise remains in legislative limbo. At the state capitol in Charleston, a conference committee has been appointed?to resolve the differences between the state Senate and House.It's not known when the committee will meet, so it's possible the strike could stretch out for days.The waiting frustrates parents, students and union leaders, who've marched and crowded the state capitol for legislative hearings."We're playing with people's emotions, their livelihoods and it directly affects our students," said Christine Campbell of the American Federation of Teachers. "This is unprecedented. It's confusing and I think (teachers are) disheartened by the process."West Virginia public teachers earn?an average salary of about ,000, making them among the lowest paid educators in the United States.Gov. Jim Justice and the union leaders agreed earlier in the week that teachers and service personnel would receive a 5% pay raise.However, that raise must be passed as a law, since West Virginia is not a collective bargaining state.The bill quickly passed in the House Wednesday, but Senate lawmakers expressed concern about how the state will fund the raise.Democrats say new revenue projections show the money is there and that a difference of one percent would amount to million.On Saturday, after hours of passionate argument and discussion by lawmakers, the state Senate passed a version of the bill that provides a 4% raise.The House voted not to adopt the 4% version of the bill. With no agreement between the chambers, the conference committee was created.Three members from the House and three from the Senate -- two Republicans and one Democrat -- were selected. The group will have three days to come to a decision about the bill.A brief period of confusion occurred Saturday night after the Senate believed it had voted for the 4% raise. But a House version of the bill, which favored the higher pay raise, had somehow been entered into the Senate voting system and was approved by unsuspecting Senate members. When the error was discovered, the Senate corrected the mistake and re-voted for the lower pay raise.Elizabeth Yost, a teacher from Mercer County, said she was not discouraged by the votes in the legislature."When the events unfolded from there, it was evident we have a representative government in the Senate that abused power last night," she said. "Today, my determination, and that of my colleagues, is stronger." 2868

When Sgt. Brian Maynard pulled over Laura and Jimmy Baker, he was preparing to deliver a ticket. Instead, the state trooper summoned an EMS team, which delivered the couple's baby girl on the side of North Carolina's US 64 highway.It all began Saturday night in suburban Raleigh when Laura Baker got in a minivan with her husband for a visit to the hospital to check on some contractions she'd been having. Then, 10 minutes into their drive, she suddenly went to labor."I said, 'I cannot control this, we're not going to make it there,'" Baker said.So when her husband spotted Maynard's patrol car, he did everything he could to get the officer's attention, speeding and flicking his lights."As soon as we pulled over, my water broke," Baker said. "And my husband jumped out with his arms up, saying, 'My wife's in labor and I really need help.'"All three knew they didn't have time to get to a hospital. Maynard called the EMS team in nearby Wendell but was prepared to do the job himself."I said, 'OK, well, we're going to do this right here, me and you,'" he told CNN affiliate WSOC.So Baker's husband and Maynard held the mother's hands and urged her to wait for the EMS team."My husband and the trooper were nervous, because they certainly weren't prepared," she said. And when the EMS team arrived, everyone realized they couldn't get Baker on a stretcher. So she delivered in the front seat of the van.It was this team -- as well as the trooper's assistance -- that Baker said she's most thankful for."Without them, I don't know how successful it would have been," she said. "It was maybe a five-minute experience, but a vital five-minute experience. [The EMS team] did everything to make sure it was sanitary and healthy."Baker was taking her baby, Halyn, home Monday and was planning on paying a visit to the EMS team that helped keep her infant daughter healthy throughout the delivery. She doesn't know much about the EMS crew, but she'll be looking for Charlie and Danny, who held her hands throughout the birth and walked her through every step."She was born outside in 40-degree weather, but she's a perfect, healthy little girl," she said. "They did everything perfect." 2198

Whether you hate tootsie rolls or licorice, the truth is we've all received Halloween candy we don't like. But this year, Reese's is coming to the rescue with their very own candy exchange machine."Reese's Halloween Candy Converter Machine" was first released to the public on Sunday, October 28, during a Halloween parade in Tarrytown, New York.The machine allows people to trade in the candy they don't want for Reese's Peanut Butter Cups.But why is Reese's helping us with our candy struggles this year?Well, according to a recent survey commissioned by Reese's, 90% of Americans say that they have traded, or wish they could have traded, their unwanted candy on Halloween, Anna Lingeris, a spokeswoman for Reese's distributor Hershey, told CNN. 756