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WASHINGTON, May 17 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Tuesday that the international Aquarius/SAC-D observatory will be launched on June 9, to study interactions between ocean circulation, the water cycle and climate by measuring ocean surface salinity.Engineers at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California are performing final tests before mating the satellite to its Delta II rocket. The mission is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina' s space agency, with participation from Brazil, Canada, France and Italy.In addition to Aquarius, the primary instrument, the observatory carries seven other instruments that will collect environmental data for a wide range of applications, including studies of natural hazards, air quality, land processes and epidemiology.The mission will make NASA's first space observations of the concentration of dissolved salt at the ocean surface. Aquarius' observations will reveal how salinity variations influence ocean circulation, trace the path of freshwater around our planet, and help drive Earth's climate. The ocean surface constantly exchanges water and heat with Earth's atmosphere. Approximately 80 percent of the global water cycle that moves freshwater from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean happens over the ocean.Salinity plays a key role in these exchanges. By tracking changes in ocean surface salinity, Aquarius will monitor variations in the water cycle caused by evaporation and precipitation over the ocean, river runoff, the freezing and melting of sea ice. Salinity also makes seawater denser, causing it to sink, where it becomes part of deep, interconnected ocean currents. This deep ocean "conveyor belt" moves water masses and heat from the tropics to the polar regions, helping to regulate Earth's climate."Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth' s complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle," said Aquarius Principal Investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Research in Seattle in a statement. "Aquarius will map global variations in salinity in unprecedented detail, leading to new discoveries that will improve our ability to predict future climate."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing microwave emissions from the water's surface with a radiometer instrument. These emissions can be used to indicate the saltiness of the surface water, after accounting for other environmental factors. Salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, and small changes are important. Aquarius uses advanced technologies to detect changes in salinity as small as about two parts per 10,000, equivalent to a pinch (about one-eighth of a teaspoon) of salt in a gallon of water.Aquarius will map the entire open ocean every seven days for at least three years from 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Its measurements will produce monthly estimates of ocean surface salinity with a spatial resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The data will reveal how salinity changes over time and from one part of the ocean to another.

HOUSTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- The Offshore Techonology Conference, one of the world's largest offshore technology shows, kicked off here Monday.The five-day event, which attracted an estimated 72,000 victors from all around the world, not only provided a platform for the about 2,400 participating companies from 40 countries to lure visitors with their newest products and technologies, but also for the them to share insights and discuss issues the industry is facing.On Monday, a number of companies, including Halliburton and Baker Hughes, received the Spotlight on New Technology Award by the OTC for their new products and solutions.Founded in 1969, the annual Offshore Technology Conference is the world's foremost event for the development of offshore resources in the fields of drilling, exploration, production, and environmental protection. OTC is held annually at Reliant Center in Houston.

BEIJING, Feb. 1 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese official Zhou Yongkang Tuesday called on law enforcement personnel to take more preventive measures against crime and accidents during the Lunar New Year holiday.Zhou, a Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, visited community security personnel, a district court, and police patrolling downtown Beijing Tuesday.He also visited a police station that is responsible for keeping public order in the area surrounding the central leadership compound of Zhongnanhai.During his visits, Zhou, who also heads the Commission for Political and Legal Affairs of the CPC Central Committee, said China was seeing the travel peak for the Spring Festival and some regions were suffering icy weather and lingering drought.He asked the police to take effective measures in traffic control and fire-fighting work, and maintain social order during the holiday season.He commended the practice of deploying special police to patrol the surrounding areas of the Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, saying it could deter crime and enable quick responses to emergencies.During his visit to the district court, Zhou warned there were still "many social conflicts."He asked local courts to solve social conflicts more effectively, promote innovative social management and law enforcement in a just and clean manner.The Spring Festival, or Chinese lunar New Year, is the most important festival for Chinese. It falls on Feb. 3 this year.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- A study led by researchers at the University of Michigan (U-M) showed in animal studies that new cancer drug compounds they developed shrank tumors, with few side effects.The study, done in two mouse models of human cancer, looked at two compounds designed to activate a protein that kills cancer cells. The protein, p53, is inactivated in a significant number of human cancers. In some cases, it is because another protein, MDM2, binds to p53 and blocks its tumor suppresser function. This allows the tumor to grow unchecked. The new compounds block MDM2 from binding to p53, consequently activating p53."For the first time, we showed that activation of p53 by our highly potent and optimized MDM2 inhibitors can achieve complete tumor regression in a mouse model of human cancer," says lead study author Shaomeng Wang, director of the Cancer Drug Discovery Program at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center.Wang presented the study Wednesday at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd annual meeting.Many traditional cancer drugs also activate p53 but they do so by causing DNA damage in both tumor cells and normal cells, causing side effects. These new MDM2 inhibitors activate p53 while avoiding the DNA damage common with other drugs. In this study, which was done in collaboration with Ascenta Therapeutics and Sanonfi-Aventis, researchers showed that these new drugs shrank tumors without significant side effects.Because p53 is involved in all types of human cancer, the new drug has potential to be used in multiple types of cancer. Further, the researchers also identified certain markers in tumors that predict which ones will be particularly sensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, which would allow physicians to target the drug only to patients most likely to benefit.

UNITED NATIONS, April 1 (Xinhua) -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon on Friday called for greater public awareness of autism, in order to fight the stigma and discrimination facing those who suffer from the disorder.The statement came in a message to mark the annual World Autism Awareness Day, observed globally on April 2."Children and persons with autistic conditions face major challenges associated with stigma and discrimination, as well as a lack of access to support," said Ban."Far too many suffer terrible discrimination, abuse and isolation, in violation of their fundamental human rights," he added.Autism is a disorder that affects the brain's development of social and communication skills, and generally appears in the first three years of life."The number of children and people with autistic conditions continues to rise -- in every nation and in every racial, ethnic and social group," the secretary-general said.Ban said it is critical to support parents of children with the disorder and "create jobs for individuals with autism based on their skills and strengths, and improve public education to better meet the needs of students with autism."

来源：资阳报