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The number of foreign students coming to U.S. colleges and universities continued to fall last year, according to a new report, but the Trump administration says the drop should be blamed on high tuition costs and not students’ concerns over the nation’s political atmosphere.An annual report from the Institute of International Education found that the number of newly enrolled international students dipped by 1% in fall 2018 compared to the year before. It follows decreases of 7% and 3% in the previous two years, which were the first downturns in more than a decade.The downturn is a worry for universities that have come to rely on tuition from foreign students, who are typically charged higher rates. Some schools have blamed President Donald Trump’s rhetoric against immigrants for driving students away, but officials at the State Department, which pays for the annual report, dismissed the idea.Caroline Casagrande, deputy assistant secretary for academic programs at the department’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, said students are deterred by the high cost to attend U.S. schools. She said the downturn is tied to students who were applying to college during the Obama administration, and that the numbers appear to be rebounding under Trump.“What we’ve seen today is a dramatically better picture compared to last year’s declines,” Casagrande said during a call with reporters. “The Trump administration has dedicated more resources than ever to international student mobility.”While fewer new students are coming, the study found that more are staying for professional training after they graduate. More than 220,000 were granted permission to stay for temporary work through a federal program, an increase of about 10% over fall 2017.China continued to send more students than any other country, followed by India and South Korea and Saudi Arabia. But booming years of growth from China have leveled off. The number of overall Chinese students in the country ticked up by less than 2%, and some campuses have seen major decreases in Chinese enrollment.The number of Chinese students at the University of Alabama has decreased by 43% over the past two years, to 266, according to the university’s annual enrollment report. At the University of Iowa and at Kansas State University, Chinese enrollment fell by about a third in that span.Declines from China have been attributed to several factors. Chinese students have reported difficulty getting U.S. visas amid a trade war between the two nations. Universities in Australia and Canada have worked harder to attract Chinese students. And some scholars say concerns over academic espionage have fueled anti-China sentiment on U.S. campuses.State Department officials said that they’re working to ease tensions and encourage Chinese students to study in the U.S. The department recently sent a delegation to China to promote academic exchange, and U.S. Ambassador Terry Branstad recently wrote an op-ed in a Chinese youth publication inviting students to study at U.S. schools.“The State Department has been working hard to make sure Chinese students know they’re welcome in the United States,” Casagrande said. “We want these Chinese students here.”The report also found that far fewer students are coming from Saudi Arabia, a shift that began in 2017 after the Gulf nation scaled back a scholarship program for global study. There were also dips in students coming from South Korea, Japan and Mexico.Meanwhile, the U.S. attracted growing numbers of students from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Numbers from Brazil and Bangladesh jumped 10% last year, the report found, while Nigeria ticked up 6%. Many universities have shifted their recruiting efforts to those areas in recent years as they look to offset losses from China.“More institutions are expanding their outreach in more regions,” said Mirka Martel, the head of research, evaluation and learning at the Institute of International Education, which is based in New York. “This growth demonstrates how attractive a U.S. education is for students around the world.”The academic subjects students come to study are also starting to shift. The number of students studying business, an area that has long been a draw for Chinese students, fell by 7% last year, the report found. Meanwhile, math and computer science saw a 9% increase and surpassed business as the No. 2 subject behind engineering.While the report focuses on data from 2018, it also included early findings for this year. Among more than 500 schools surveyed, the number of newly enrolled foreign students fell by 1% again, while the number of total international students fell by about 2%.___Collin Binkley can be reached on Twitter at 4748

The American workforce isn't what it used to be."I saw an app that said 'dog sitting,' and I thought I could do that in my spare time," says gig worker Lawrence Snell. "It turned out that now I have up to six or eight dogs a day."For 40 hours a week, Snell takes care of other people's dogs through the app Rover.It's a temp job like Lyft, Uber, DoorDash, Postmates and others. It's the kind of work driving--what experts are now calling --"the gig economy". However, the concept isn't completely new. Americans have always worked odd jobs, but the number of people participating in them has gone up, due in part to advanced technology and wages not increasing. For most people, jobs like app-based deliveries or ride-sharing have been a little extra income on the side. But for a growing number of others, it's work that pays the bills without the commitment that comes with a traditional 9-to-5. "Going to work, clocking in, and working for the man… if I can do a gig where I can spend more time with my family and more time renovating my house and doing the things that I love, then yeah, that's more beneficial to me," Snell said says. Certain gig workers don't just stick to one job. Behailu Fitzjames spends his days working as many gigs as he can, turning everyday into a different adventure. Grubhub, Postmates, Uber Eats and Lyft are the main ones he’s a part of."Even some time I have left, I'll go on Craigslist gigs and look up who needs help, what's something new I could do," Fitzjames says. For Behailu it's been a steady source of income giving him freedom and flexibility to control his own schedule. "If you're driving around you can make 0 an hour with Lyft and Uber," Fitzjames says. "It's also varying, so that's kind of cool versus being at a fixed income."But it comes without the work protections many of us are used to having. The Trump Administration's labor department recently said it considers gig workers to be independent contractors. Not only are these workers allowed to control their hours, but they can also work for competing companies. However, the term "independent contractor" leaves them ineligible for things like overtime pay, workers compensation, and benefits. Most gig workers agree they'd like to see that change. "I think it should be offered, and I think it should be offered at a fair rate," Snell says. "I don't see why you should be punished for doing gig work."But some, like Behailu, are concerned that money for benefits would come out of their paycheck. "Being a contractor means you get to set everything up for yourself," Fitzjames says. "Having them offer insurance and all the benefits, I suppose, you wouldn't be making as much money, because more money would be trying to fund that."We partnered with Newsy and the polling firm Ipsos to further understand what people really think. We found most Americans believe gig workers should be afforded the same labor protections as full-time employees. Support for that among gig workers themselves is even higher. That could be because more people are working gigs full-time. The most recent data from the Fed shows that 18 percent of American gig workers rely on their gigs for their primary source of income. "Whether it's unemployment insurance, whether it's minimum wage protections, whether it's the ability to earn overtime - there's been a series of benefits and protections that built up over the course of the 21st century that you only can access if you're an employee," Al Fitzpayne, with Future of Work Initiative, explains. "And so, that is why the employee distinction is so significant relative to that of an independent contractor is a very important consideration." Gig workers are fully responsible for their own healthcare, retirement, and sick time, which can be a struggle, considering the money they're making may not be as much as some people think. For example, Uber once claimed its drivers in major U.S. cities were making between ,000 to ,000 a year. But recent data shows average hourly wages for ride-share drivers are much lower, and companies are taking a bigger cut. "All these companies are making lots of money, and it's time to spread that money around. I think they've got the money to do it, and I think they will do it eventually," Snell says. ********************************************************If you'd like to reach out to the journalist for this story, email elizabeth.ruiz@scripps.com 4458

The House Intelligence Committee voted along party lines Tuesday night to approve a report that found evidence of President Donald Trump's misconduct and obstruction of Congress is "overwhelming."The report, 220

The Guardian Program went into effect in Florida on October 1, giving teachers the ability to be armed in the classroom during school hours after a background check, training, and a psych exam. 205

That black hole you've seen everywhere now has a name.It's been christened Powehi — a Hawaiian phrase referring to an "embellished dark source of unending creation."The groundbreaking, first-ever photograph of a black hole was published around the world when it was unveiled on Wednesday, captivating viewers and providing the only direct visual evidence that these regions of spacetime exist.The responsibility of finding it a name fell to Larry Kimura, a Hawaiian language professor at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, who was approached by astronomers involved with the project. Two of the eight telescopes used to capture the photograph are located in Hawaii.Powehi was chosen for its roots in the Kumulipo, an 18th-century Hawaiian chant that describes a creation story.It puts together two terms from the chant: Po, meaning profound dark source of unending creation, and wehi (or wehiwehi) which is one of the several ways that po is described in the chant."It is awesome that we, as Hawaiians today, are able to connect to an identity from long ago, as chanted in the 2,102 lines of the Kumulipo, and bring forward this precious inheritance for our lives today," Kimura said in a statement."To have the privilege of giving a Hawaiian name to the very first scientific confirmation of a black hole is very meaningful to me and my Hawaiian lineage that comes from po," he added. "I hope we are able to continue naming future black holes from Hawaii astronomy according to the Kumulipo."Powehi was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope, a project that connected eight telescopes around the world.The supermassive black hole and its shadow, at the center of a galaxy known as M87, were photographed back in April 2017, but the results were only revealed on Wednesday."We have seen what we thought was unseeable," said Sheperd Doeleman, director of the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, unveiling the historic snap. "We have seen and taken a picture of a black hole."More than 200 researchers were involved in the project, and they had worked for more than a decade to capture the image. The project is named after the event horizon, the proposed boundary around a black hole that represents the point of no return where no light or radiation can escape.The telescope array collected 5,000 trillion bytes of data over two weeks, which was processed through supercomputers so that the scientists could retrieve the images."Powehi, as a name, is so perfect, because it provides real truths about the image of a black hole that we see," Jessica Dempsey of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, said in 2617

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