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WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- China has invested 115 billion yuan (17.45 billion U.S. dollars) on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as of the end of last year, a senior official said Monday.E Jingping, director of the Office of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Commission (SNWDPC) of the State Council, said construction on 40 projects began last year, marking a new annual record.No major accidents happened while constructing the projects last year, E said.The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is designed to divert water from the water-rich south of China, mainly the Yangtze, the country's longest river, to the country's arid northern regions. It will consist of three routes: an eastern, middle and western route. The project started with construction of the eastern route in 2002.Up until now, both of the eastern and middle routes were already under construction. The western route, meant to replenish the Yellow River with water from the upper reaches of the Yangtze through tunnels in the high mountains of western China, is still in the planning stage.About 330,000 people in Hubei and Henan Provinces will be relocated before the middle route is completed in 2014.

LONDON, March 15 (Xinhua) -- The moon would be in a "super position" on Saturday, which makes it a "supermoon" and the web is awash with myths about its implications such as connection to recent earthquakes, but that's not the case according to British experts.Technically the so-called "supermoon" means that the moon would be in its perigee, the closest point to earth in its orbit on March 19, and on top of that, it would also be a full moon at the same time.The massive earthquake in Japan just fueled the speculation that the gravitational pull of the "supermoon" will bring chaos to the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanic activities.But "there is little that is special about perigee on March 19," said Dr. Robert Massey, deputy executive secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society. He said the moon will be around 360,000 km from the earth on that day, but this has happened at least 15 times during the last 400 years."There is no reason whatsoever to believe that there is a connection between the so-called 'supermoon' and the recent earthquake," Massey told Xinhua. "There are also no other 'abnormal' phenomena connected with a 'supermoon' other than the high tides that we experience twice every month."Massey was echoed by Dr. Bruce Malamud, a geophysicist in the Department of Geography at King's College London, who that: "A supermoon will not be able to actually influence at all the internal workings of our Planet Earth, as there is so much momentum and mass already stored up, that the actual effect is negligible.""The earthquake took place a full 8 days before the 'supermoon' meaning that the tidal forces exerted by the moon and sun together were near their minimum rather than maximum level, directly contradicting the fearmongers," said Massey.Calling the "supermoon" claims "bogus science," he questioned the motives of those who made such claims on the day that thousands of people died in a severe earthquake and the ensuing tsunami.

BRUSSELS, April 29 (Xinhua) -- As a 2004 European Union (EU) directive on herbal medicine is to be fully implemented on May 1, herbal medicinal products without a license will no longer be allowed in the EU market, the European Commission said in a press release Friday.The Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive, adopted by the EU member states in 2004, introduced a so-called simplified registration procedure with a seven-year transition period for traditional herbal medicinal products to obtain a medicine license.As the transition period is to expire on Saturday, herbal medicinal products from home and abroad, most of which have been sold as food supplements for decades, need to be medically registered or authorized by EU governments in order to remain in the market after May 1.Instead of going through safety tests and clinical trials as regular chemical drugs, applicants are required by the directive to provide documents showing the herbal medicinal product is not harmful in the specified condition of use, as well as evidence that the product at least has a 30-year history of safe use, including 15 years in the EU.However, a wide range of eligibility and technical challenges along with prohibitive costs have so far prevented both local and outside herbal medicinal products from being granted the license.Only a small proportion of indigenous herbal medicinal products have been approved for registration while not a single Chinese or Indian traditional herbal medicinal products have been licensed.Lack of pan-European rules, EU member states had adopted different approaches to herbal medicine, thus creating a "state of anarchy" in the markets despite the fact that indigenous herbs had a 700-year history of use in Europe.Although the directive was intended to harmonize rules of member states and build a level-playing field across the EU, critics argued that the directive may fall short of the aim and create more chaos and uncertainties for the industry.DRAWBACKSThe directive has been under attack for being neither "adequate " nor "appropriate" due to its high registration cost for a single product and its lack of consideration about the Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicine.Chris Dhaenens, a licensed herbalist in Belgium and a shareholder of a medium-sized herbal importing company doing business with China and ten European countries, said the directive was only appropriate for companies carrying a few products and who could afford the registration costs."It is simply inaccessible to most players distributing high- quality Chinese or Indian herbal products in Europe," he said, adding that the registration fee for a single product could be as high as 150,000 euros.The Alliance for Natural Health, a British-based group representing herbal practitioners, estimated the cost of obtaining a license at between 80,000 and 120,000 pounds (90,000 to 135,000 U.S. dollars) per herb.Dhaenens, who is also the president of the European Benefyt Foundation, a leading traditional medicine group in Europe, argued that the directive only tried to regulate herbal products instead of its practitioners and the whole herbal system, as well as fell short to take the Chinese and Indian traditional medicine into full consideration.Even the European Commission had admitted that the directive was not fit for the registration of Chinese and Indian medicine in an earlier exchange with the European Medicine Agency in Dec. 2008, Dhaenens revealed in an exclusive interview with Xinhua."But they had no money or time to work out an alternative, and so it was left to the member states," he said.