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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the race for a coronavirus vaccine, scientists often say we need more than one winner.That’s in part because different vaccines use different strategies to provoke the immune system, and each strategy has different strengths.Take the inactivated virus vaccine, an approach currently used in the vaccine against the poliovirus. In this approach, scientists take a live virus, kill it with chemicals or heat, and then introduce that viral corpse into a person.There are three groups in the final phase of human trials using inactivated coronavirus, primarily in China, according to a tracker from the Milken Institute.“The immune system can tell the difference between something that's a real threat and something that's not a threat, and so if you get injected with a dead virus your immune system has the tendency to not pay a lot of attention to that,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.The downside of the inactivated virus approach is that it only elicits two out of the three of the parts of the immune system, Dr. Crotty said. It’s capable of producing antibodies and helper T-cells, but not killer T-cells.The modern take on the inactivated virus approach is called a viral vector vaccine.In this strategy, scientists combine elements of the coronavirus with a common cold virus called an adenovirus that won’t make you sick. Since the virus is alive, it can elicit all three kinds of immune responses, Dr. Crotty said.“There are no licensed vaccines right now that use that strategy, but there are all kinds of vaccine trials that have been done around the world with those types [of vaccines] showing that they're straightforward to manufacture. They're very safe,” he said.The University of Oxford is testing a viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial.Then there are subunit vaccines. These include just a section -- or subunit -- of the virus’ protein.UC San Diego is working on a coronavirus candidate vaccine using this approach.There are subunit vaccines currently on the market for tetanus and other viruses.“Working with proteins is more challenging, just from a laboratory and manufacturing perspective,” Dr. Crotty said.Enter the next phase of vaccine development. Instead of using the virus itself or fragments of it, Inovio Pharmaceuticals is working on a vaccine strategy using just the virus’ genetic information.DNA-based vaccines simply introduce a genetically engineered blueprint of the virus into a person, and the cells do the rest.“Some people get confused about this. They think it’s a genetic vaccine that changes their DNA and becomes part of them, and that’s definitely not the case.” Dr. Crotty said. “They don’t become part of you. Your body chews them up.”Researchers have been working on DNA-based vaccines for about 20 years, Crotty said, but none are currently licensed for use.San Diego-based Arcturus Therapeutics is using an RNA-based approach, along with other companies like Pfizer and Moderna that have entered Phase 3 trials.Messenger RNA reads the DNA instructions and helps translate them into proteins.Dr. Crotty said the DNA and RNA approaches have similar drawbacks and benefits: they’ve never been approved for us, but both can be developed rapidly because they don’t require access to the physical virus.Around the world, there are more than 200 coronavirus vaccines currently in development, according to the Milken Institute. 3459

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- In three weeks San Diego County will elect its next district attorney,  and in a recent poll a large number of voters indicated that they're still undecided. The results of our scientific 10News Union-Tribune poll shows the battle between Summer Stephan and challenger Genevieve Jones-Wright is wide open. If the election were held today, Summer Stephan would get 35 percent of the vote. Genevieve Jones-Wright would get 22 percent and 43 percent of those polled said they are undecided. "Those polls are consistent with what our campaign research shows," Jones-Wright told 10News. "We knew we were up against a political machine and it really is no surprise to me that she's up on the polls."Progressive candidate Jones-Wright says Stephan got a head start, by being appointed to the district attorney job when Bonnie Dumanis left. Jones-Wright said she thinks the poll shows her campaign is gaining steam.Stephan was encouraged by the poll numbers. "This is very encouraging, what you're telling me, because it shows that what we're doing is working," she told 10News. "That San Diegans are enjoying that we're one of the safest urban regions in the country and that they really prefer experience over an experiment."The poll shows that Stephan's voter base is republican, white and over the age of 35. It shows that Wright's voter base is younger, more racially mixed and primarily democratic. On Monday, Summer Stephan pulled out of a community forum, one which both she and Genevieve Jones-Wright accepted to face off. 1581

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It’s a chance for the community to get a behind-the-scenes look into local policing. The program, Inside SDPD, held a few times a year, aims to bridge the gap between the community and local law enforcement. As seen through local demonstrations against police brutality and rogue officers, there can be a divide that exists between law enforcement and the public. “We’re not here to say we hate all police, that’s not what we’re here for. We’re here to say that law enforcement who is acting outside the bounds of justice, equality, equity… those officers need to be fired. They need to be arrested. They need to be jailed if need be,” said Yusef Miller of the Racial Justice Coalition during an October demonstration in San Diego.There is one thing both sides agree on: wanting to build better relationships. San Diego Police see Inside SDPD as helping with that goal. It's hosted in coordination with the San Diego Police Foundation. The program introduces participants into various aspects of policing, including Taser use, use of force simulations, traffic stops, and K9 demonstrations. The goal is to make situations as realistic as possible. For first-time participant Helen Auerbach, it was eye-opening. “Certainty with the body cameras and the shootings. When you see it from one angle and you see the same thing from a different angle, it’s a completely different scenario,” she said. Teenager Logan Miller also participated. “You’re told it’s a simulation, but when you have the props… and the sound [is] very, very loud and you’re actually being interacted with on screen… again the world I keep saying [is] realistic. You are submerged in that situation,” Miller said.Team 10 asked Assistant San Diego Police Chief Paul Connelly what he would say to critics of the department. “I would just say keep an open mind. We have a very difficult job to do,” he said. In an era where community members are demanding transparency, he said the department continues to work toward that goal. “That’s something the San Diego Police Department is really striving to do. For instance, all our policies and procedures can be found on our website. And we hold events like these to invite the community out so they can see exactly how we’re trained.” Auerbach, who found out about the event through an online neighborhood website, recommends the program. “I really thing everyone should do this. I think every child should be exposed to this in school,” Auerbach said. The next "Inside SDPD" event is in December, focused specifically on K9s. There is a suggested donation for the program. Each event can hold roughly 80 people. POLICE TRANSPARENCY PROJECT DISCUSSIONJoin our Facebook group for constructive conversation around these issues. If you are a community member with questions about how the police investigate themselves or have suggestions on how officer-involved shootings or police misconduct can be prevented, we welcome you to join this group and the conversation. Follow this link to join: https://www.facebook.com/groups/transparencyproject/ 3080

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - KAABOO Del Mar will become KAABOO San Diego in 2020 as the popular music festival held at the Del Mar Fairgrounds moves to Petco Park. The change was announced by its producers Sunday at the end of a sold-out three day festival, its fifth at the North County location. Concerts will be held on Petco Park's playing field, Sycuan Stage at the Park, Lexus Premier Lot, and the Tailgate Lot, KAABOO officials said. “The location of Petco Park and its surrounding venues in downtown San Diego provides fans and artists alike the opportunity to enjoy everything that the vibrant metro area has to offer. We couldn’t be more ecstatic about this partnership and our relocation,” said Jason Felts, Managing Partner of KAABOO. “Our venue and the downtown Ballpark District offer the perfect setting for an event of this magnitude and further establishes Petco Park as the premier entertainment destination in Southern California. We look forward to hosting an unforgettable and amazing weekend in the heart of downtown,” said Erik Greupner, Padres President of Business Operations. The festival will take place Sept. 18-20, 2020. "The Padres will return for the final 6-game homestand of the season (vs. MIN, LAD) just two days after KAABOO. The team is hoping to be competing for a playoff spot. Maintaining field integrity will be critical," 10News Sports Director Ben Higgins tweeted.Tickets are now on sale, including a 9 general admission pass. VIP passes are available for 9 and 99 and include options such as private restrooms, VIP-only performances, access to onstage viewing, and exclusive meet and greet opportunities. 1655

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Millions of Americans are uninsured during the coronavirus pandemic, with more at risk of losing their jobs and in turn losing their healthcare coverage.A 17-year-old boy in Lancaster was reportedly denied treatment at an urgent care clinic there and instead told to go to a hospital. On the way to the hospital, he went into cardiac arrest, according to Mayor R. Rex Parris in a video posted to YouTube.RELATED: Reports of alleged child abuse drop in San Diego since school closuresParris said when the teen got to the hospital he was revived, but died hours later.The teen tested positive for COVID-19, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is still evaluating his case, so he has been removed from the Los Angeles County death toll for now."Once you go into respiratory issues, you have trouble breathing, you're short of breath and you have a fever," said Parris. "That is the time to get medical treatment without delay."RELATED: App helps users locate where essential items are in stockThat is the problem for the millions of uninsured Americans. Although testing for COVID-19 may be free, treatment is not.10News asked health officials at a San Diego County press conference about what's being done to reassure uninsured San Diegans that they won't be turned away like the 17-year-old in Lancaster."In general if individuals do not have insurance, there is the county's phone number, or they can call 211. That's probably the easiest thing to do, is call 211," said San Diego County Public Health Officer Dr. Wilma Wooten.RELATED: Unemployment benefits could take weeksWe asked if someone would be turned away if they tried to get help at an urgent care clinic with COVID-19 symptoms, but did not have insurance."When somebody presents to a specific facility for care and it's not emergent there is usually a process for them to determine whether that is an appropriate place for them to be cared for," explained Dr. Eric McDonald, the Medical Director for the County Epidemiology and Immunization Branch. "For example if it's an insurance related thing and they don't have insurance for that facility, they may be asked to go to another facility, the good news is in San Diego we have a very good mechanism through 211 for individuals who don't have insurance to be able to access clinics where they will be accepted for care."RELATED: California Gov. Newsom says 5 banks to waive mortgage feesRight now Covered California is providing a special enrollment period because of the coronavirus.Uninsured, eligible Californians can apply for free or low cost health insurance coverage through the end of June.You can apply online here. 2679