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BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The average global land temperature has increased by around one degree Cetigrade since the mid-1950s, American scientists announced last week after reviewing historical temperature records to date.According to media reports, the scientists of the Berkeley Earth project have studied more than a billion temperature records dating back to the 1800s from 15 sources around the world.And the result is in line with the estimate made by major institutions which keep official records on the global climate, including the Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in the US and the Met Office's Hadley Centre in Britain.Meanwhile, the scientists established an open database for the climate records so that skeptics on climate change can assess climage change on their own.Nevertheless, the finding of the scientists at the University of California, Berkeley did not convince climate change skeptics, according to a New York Times report.Anthony Watts, one prominent US skeptics, claimed the study's "methodology was flawed". He also noted that the finding was submitted to journal Geophysical Research Letters before being peer-reviewed.Richard Muller, a physicist and head of the project, argued that the decision to circulate the papers before publication was part a long-standing academic tradition of sanity-checking results with colleagues.He added, cited by the Guardian, "We will get much more feedback from making these papers public before publication."

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Supervised exercise was shown to be more effective than stenting or medication for improved walking ability in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), according to a U.S. study reported Wednesday at the 2011 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions meeting.The research group reported that of 111 patients studied in the randomized trial, the most effective treatment proved to be supervised exercise based on the results of a treadmill test taken at baseline and again at six months. Patients who were in the supervised exercise group improved by a mean of 4.6 minutes in the treadmill test, while the group who received stents improved by a mean of 2.5 minutes. However, researchers found that self-reported quality of life measurements proved to be higher in the group that received stents, even though their ability to walk did not improve as greatly as the group that received supervised exercise rehabilitation.The findings were published in the November issue of the journal Circulation. The researchers believe that more studies are necessary, although supervised exercise may be an effective treatment recommended for PAD patients with claudication.PAD is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries and affects blood flow, especially to the legs. It is estimated that between 10 and 12 million people suffer from PAD in the United States. One symptom of PAD is known as claudication, a painful cramping of the leg muscles that limits the patient's ability to walk. It affects nearly 2 million people who suffer from PAD, and results in a sedentary lifestyle and poor quality of life.Current U.S. guidelines for the treatment of claudication include pharmacotherapy, supervised exercise rehabilitation and lower extremity revascularization using stents.

BEIJING, Oct. 26 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, or China's cabinet, has decided to create a food allowance for about 26 million needy students nationwide, according to a statement issued on Wednesday.Each student will receive an average of three yuan (47 cents) daily from the central budget, said a statement issued after a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao.The policy will be implemented on a trial basis in 680 less-developed counties, the statement said.Authorities will have to allocate a total of 16 billion yuan annually from the central budget to meet the policy's requirements, it said.The money will be given to schools instead of directly to the students' families, allowing the schools to provide more and better food in their canteens, the statement said.Efforts will be made to build better canteens in rural primary and middle schools, the statement said.The statement added that daily allowances for needy students at primary boarding schools will also be increased from three to four yuan, while those for students at middle boarding schools will rise from four to five yuan.

BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhuanet) -- For women, chocolate consumption needs to be high, which can lower stroke risk, researchers from the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, reported in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. The consumption of chocolate has been demonstrated to reduce diastolic and systolic blood pressure in randomized, short-term trials. Chocolate has also been shown to improve endothelial and platelet function, and to improve insulin resistance.Susanna Larsson Ph.D. and the team conducted the research on the Swedish Mammography Cohort's 33,372 adult females aged from 49 to 83 years without history of stroke, coronary heart disease, stroke, or diabetes.They found those who ate at least two chocolate bars each week appeared to have a 20 percent lower risk of stroke, compared to those of the same age and weight who rarely or never ate chocolate. But, they found, it was only those in the highest quartile of chocolate consumption who had a significant drop in stroke risk.The researchers explained that cocoa has flavonoids - powerful antioxidants that can suppress LDL, low-density lipoprotein, that can cause stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.

RIYADH, Jan. 14 (Xinhua) -- China and Saudi Arabia pledged to work together to further expand all-around exchanges and cooperation as Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Saturday unfolded his official visit to the Middle East kingdom.China and Saudi Arabia have treated each other as equals with respect and their cooperation has been fruitful since the establishment of diplomatic ties 22 years ago, said Wen while meeting Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.In recent years, despite the fact that international and regional situation became ever complicated and volatile, the two countries have strengthened high-level exchanges and promoted political mutual trust, said Wen, adding that the two have always demonstrated mutual understanding and support on issues involving their core interests and of major concern.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (L) holds talks with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Jan. 14, 2012.The premier said the decision to lift bilateral ties to an even higher level has shown the two nations' firm commitment to jointly face challenges and protect common interests as the world situation is undergoing profound changes.China would like to work with the Saudi side in deepening exchanges and cooperation in various aspects so as to benefit the two peoples and promote world peace and development, Wen added.He said the two sides should expand trade of crude oil and natural gas and energy-related cooperation as to deepen their energy partnership.Wen also asked the two countries to promote investment cooperation. The Chinese government encourages well-established Chinese companies to participate in Saudi Arabia's infrastructure construction such as railway, sea ports, electricity and telecommunications, he said.The two nations could also enhance security and law enforcement cooperation and promote people-to-people exchanges in areas like education and sports, as well as between the two nations' youths.Nayef said Saudi Arabia and China enjoy a time-honored history of exchanges, adding that the Saudi people have friendly feelings toward the Chinese people and expect even better bilateral ties.With joint efforts, bilateral ties have moved forward continuously with remarkable achievements in bilateral cooperation, he said, added that the partnership has bright prospects.Nayef said Saudi Arabia is willing to further boost political mutual trust with China, expand bilateral cooperation in economy and trade, energy, infrastructure, culture, press, and security, promote friendship between the two peoples, and lift bilateral ties to a higher level.Wen arrived here on Saturday evening after a short official visit to Nepal on the same day.