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As the Thanksgiving holiday approaches, college campuses across the country will empty out. Tens of thousands of students will head home for the break, and public health experts fear mass travel and indoor gatherings could spark a super spreading of the coronavirus.Within days of returning to campus this fall, Brianna DeWall contracted the coronavirus.“We went out to party, and with all my friends, got it,” recounted the Oklahoma State University junior. “So, we're assuming someone at that party had it and didn't know.”According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the return to college campuses in August and September coincided with a 55 percent increase nationally of COVID-19 cases in young adults ages 18 to 22.Next week, DeWall is headed home for the holidays, but she plans to get tested before she travels.“I will be flying, so I feel like that's a precaution I should take,” said DeWall.While her school isn’t requiring mandatory exit testing, other schools are.Penn State is offering free, voluntary exit tests. The University of Michigan has made exit testing mandatory, and New York State’s university system is also mandating a negative test result for all of its 140,000 students before they leave campus.“Some people may get a test that's not going to decrease the risk to zero, but it is going to decrease the risk substantially,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar with the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.Dr. Adalja warns that without extra precautions like frequent testing, mask-wearing, social distancing, and self-quarantining ahead of the holiday, the risk of community spread is increased.“It is going to be a major challenge when you have your student body moved from campus back home and come back on campus because that's likely to introduce more levels of infection,” he said.Earlier this year, researchers at Ball State University tracked 7.5 million students at more than 1,300 universities and concluded that thousands of college students may have picked up COVID-19 while at densely-packed spring break destinations, only to return to infect others with the virus.Some schools like DeWall’s are not having students return to campus until January and have canceled spring break. But once again, testing is voluntary.“I think we should have to get tested before we come back,” said DeWall. “I think it's very careless that they aren't requiring us to get tested before we go home.”The CDC hasn’t issued any specific COVID-19 guidance on colleges and break, and while the American College Health Association encourages testing, it stops short of calling for it to be mandatory.“Colleges we know have been hot spots for infection, especially with off-campus activity,” said Dr. Adalja. “So, I do think this is going to be particularly challenging to accomplish.” 2839

As one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments, Stonehenge still holds many secrets despite centuries of study. For the first time, new research is lifting the veil on the people who are buried at Stonehenge.The study was published in the journal Scientific Reports on Thursday.Much of the previous research around the monument in Wiltshire, England, has centered around how or why Stonehenge was built -- not the people buried there or who built it.But studying the human remains at Stonehenge is no easy task. In addition to dating back to 3,000 BC, the remains were also cremated. During the early phase of Stonehenge's history, it largely served as a cemetery.Fortunately, lead study author Christophe Snoeck, post-doctoral researcher at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, combined his passions for archeology and chemical engineering to pioneer developments in archaeological analysis.The results revealed that 40% of the people buried at Stonehenge likely came from west Wales, the suggested origin of the site's smaller bluestones, and they most likely helped transport the stones and build Stonehenge. Signals from the bone analysis suggested that within the last ten years of their lives, these people were not living at Stonehenge nor originally from the area around Stonehenge, known as the Wessex region."Our results are the first one to provide direct evidence on the origin of those buried at Stonehenge, shedding light on the importance of the site in the Neolithic landscape," Snoeck said in an email. 1531

ATLANTA (AP) — Early in-person voting began Monday in Georgia for the state's two U.S. Senate runoffs.The early voting period runs as late as Dec. 31 in some counties.It could determine the outcome of the races between Republican U.S. Sens. David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler and Democratic challengers Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock.A majority of votes before the Nov. 3 general election were cast in person during early voting.The period could be even more important during the runoffs because of the shortened period for voters to request and return ballots by mail.More than 125,000 people cast ballots in October on the first day of early voting. Lines were long then and could be long again Monday. 709

As novel coronavirus cases soar across the country, states are struggling to keep up with the demand for testing. Some states are reporting big backlogs and difficulty getting tests.“We need to actually continue doing a bunch of work in America to figure out additional approaches to do testing,” said Dr. Bob Kocher.Dr. Kocher is the former co-chair of California's Testing Task Force. The state formed the team back in March to figure out how to get everyone tested. Back then, they were struggling to do 2,000 tests a day. Now, they're doing more than 100,000 a day.“California, and most states, had giant shortages of the world’s most expensive Q-tips, called swabs, that you need to collect the samples and the people who make them couldn’t make more of them,” Dr. Kocher explained. “We worked with companies to 3-D print them and to source those from other places in the world and buy them and bring them to California.”They worked to find labs that could do high-capacity testing and expanded the number of testing sites. But as cases increased across the state and nation, five months into the pandemic, testing turnaround time is an issue.“It’s something I’m concerned about as demand for testing grows everywhere in the country and on the earth, the labs are going to sporadically have backlogs, and over time, they could have backlogs because it’s hard to make more supply of the test,” Dr. Kocher said.Dr. Kocher says it depends on where the test is sent. Some labs have backlogs and it’s a logistics issue. If the lab your test site is using is in another part of the country, it'll likely take longer to get results.In a statement, Quest Diagnostics said, "We are grappling with surging demand that is outpacing capacity. This is due to surging cases of COVID-19 across much of the United States, particularly the West, Southwest and South. We have a prioritization program to help direct testing to patients most in need. Our turnaround time for priority one patients is 1 day on average."In a recent press conference, California's Health and Human Services Agency Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said supply chain challenges forced the state to prioritize who gets tested first.“Surges across the nation have created challenges of getting tests processed, not just collected, and ensuring our guidelines not only say who needs to be tested but give guidance to labs on which specimens to process first,” Dr. Kocher said.Right now, priority means those who are hospitalized, healthcare workers, first responders, social service employees, those who are 65 and older and those with chronic medical conditions. But, we simply need more tests.“The challenge with COVID-19 is that each person infects two, three more people and that leads to exponential growth of people who are infected and exponential growth in demand for testing,” Dr. Kocher said. “The companies who manufacture tests have been extraordinary scaling up their capacity to manufacture tests they can grow them by 10, 30 maybe a 100 percent, but the demand for COVID testing is growing 1,000 percent.”The American Clinical Laboratory Association which represents Quest and other labs released a statement saying many labs are getting more test orders than they're able to process in a single day.In a statement, the company said, "We can’t do it alone. Laboratories, diagnostic manufacturers, ordering providers, public health officials, states and importantly, the federal government – including Congress and the Administration – all have a role to play in addressing the challenges hampering our nation’s response to this public health crisis."The test, Dr. Kocher says, only tells you if you're infectious at the time you were tested. It's yet another hurdle for states to tackle."So, we need to figure out what is the mechanism to test people at the right frequency to make us all safe and fell confident in going to work, school, nursing home or being an essential worker,” he said. “It’s really important.”Figuring out what that looks like means looking at new technologies, getting the government involved and working on our manufacturing sector so we have more tests and fewer logistical problems as we consistently try to keep up with the virus that seems to be one step ahead of us all. 4276

ATLANTA (AP) — The funeral for the Rev. C.T. Vivian, an early and key adviser to the Rev. Martin Luther King, is to be held Thursday. Because of the coronavirus outbreak, the service will be private and open only to family, according to a news release from the C.T. and Octavia Vivian Museum and Archives. It's scheduled for 11 a.m. Thursday at Providence Missionary Baptist Church in Atlanta, and will be streamed live online and broadcast by WSB-TV. Vivian died at home in Atlanta of natural causes at age 95 on Friday, the same day that fellow civil rights leader U.S. Rep. John Lewis died. 601