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BEIJING, May 11 (Xinhuanet) -- New retirees suddenly confronted with plenty of time on their hands might be happy to learn that reading keeps one mentally alert and abreast of current aff airs, says Ursula Lenz of Germany's working group of senior citizens' organizations, BAGSO.Growing old can present difficulties such as failing eyesight or problems concentrating, but experts encourage the elderly not to give up on reading and to adapt to their situation.From the perspective of health professionals, there are many advantages to reading books or newspapers for senior citizens.Reading helps the elderly keep a sharp mind. The ability to transform words into mental images is good for cognitive performance. Reading also improves vocabulary, language use and the ability to concentrate, according to Simone Helck from the Kuratorium Deutsche Altershilfe, an organization in Germany that helps promote and develop strategies for taking care of the elderly.So, what exactly happens in the brain when we read?"The brain builds new synapses, junctions between the neurons, when it's stimulated such as during reading," says Manfred Gogol, a physician and president of Germany's Society for Gerontology and Geriatrics.Gogol recommends reading books that deal with subjects that are of special interest to the reader. If a long novel seems like too much work, then try a novella or collection of short stories.But a prerequisite for reading is that any sight defect is corrected by an optician.In response to the needs of elderly people, publishers print books with large typefaces and bigger line spacing. Lenz says it is worthwhile asking for large print books in libraries and bookshops.But no matter what the reading matter is, another important aspect is being able to exchange opinions about a book with other people. Whether it's a society magazine, highbrow literature or a daily newspaper, there is always something to talk about.

BEIJING, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese currency, or the yuan, rose to a new high of 6.585 against the U.S. dollar Wednesday, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.The central parity rate of the RMB, or the yuan, was 10 basis points higher than the previous record of 6.586 set on Feb. 1, the previous trading day.The yuan appreciated 3.6 percent last year, but some analysts predict it could rise further against the dollar this year as the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, attempts to cool accelerating inflation.The PBOC announced Tuesday it would raise the benchmark one-year borrowing and lending rates by 25 basis points from Wednesday.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market each business day.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida, April 29, (Xinhua) -- NASA on Friday delayed space shuttle Endeavor's launch to no earlier than Monday afternoon due to technical problems with heaters in the shuttle's auxiliary power unit."Shuttle Endeavor's launch now no earlier than Monday at 2:33 p. m. EDT (1833 GMT)," NASA said. "Engineers need that time to troubleshoot an issue that resulted in today's launch scrub."During Friday's countdown, engineers detected a failure in one of two heater circuits associated with Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 1. Heaters are required to keep the APUs' hydrazine from freezing on orbit.Space shuttle Endeavour sits on the launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida,  April 28, 2011. The Endeavor is scheduled for a Friday afternoon launch.U.S. President Barack Obama, touring storm damage in Alabama on Friday, had been expected to attend the planned 3:47 p.m. (1947 GMT) launch. Obama will still visit Cape Canaveral and then travel to Miami, where he is scheduled to speak at a community college commencement.Endeavor's 14-day mission will deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS) to the International Space Station. AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays.Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter. Endeavor also will fly the a platform that carries spare parts that will sustain space station operations once the shuttles are retired from service.The mission will feature four spacewalks to do maintenance work and install new components. These are the last scheduled spacewalks by shuttle crew members.Endeavor, which has been promised to the California Science Center in Los Angeles upon its return, was the replacement ship for Challenger, which was lost in a 1986 explosion as it ascended over the Atlantic that killed seven astronauts.It will be the second of NASA's three surviving shuttles to be retired. Sister ship Discovery, which will be transferred to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, completed its last flight in March.Atlantis' final launch is scheduled for June 28. When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

来源：资阳报