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SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Health officials Wednesday announced the deaths of two more residents in San Diego County due to influenza-related complications, bringing this flu season's confirmed death toll to five. A 78-year-old North County woman died earlier this month and a 70-year- old woman died in July, but both deaths were only reported last week, according to the county Health and Human Services Agency. Both women, who were not publicly identified, had no record of receiving a flu shot and both had additional medical issues, HHSA officials said. RELATED: San Diego's flu cases more than double over previous seasonThe HHSA also reported that 122 flu cases were confirmed throughout the county last week, bringing this season's total to 731 cases to date. Only 353 cases had been confirmed at this time last flu season, which the county tracks concurrently with the fiscal year that begins July 1. ``Influenza can be deadly, especially for elderly people, young children and people with compromised immune systems,'' said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. ``Our condolences and sympathy go out to the families of the two women.'' County health officials and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strongly advise the annual flu vaccination for everyone 6 months and older, especially in demographics with a heightened risk of serious complications, such as pregnant women, people with chronic medical conditions like lung disease and people age 65 or older. RELATED: Where you can get a free flu shot in San Diego CountyResidents can take precautions against contracting the virus by frequently washing their hands, cleaning commonly touched surfaces and avoiding contact with sick people. The flu vaccine is available at local doctors' offices, retail pharmacies and the county's public health centers. A full list of locations offering flu shots can be found at the county's immunization website, sdiz.org, or by calling 211 for the county's health hotline. 2003

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A man was sentenced to 50 years to life in prison Friday for the car-to-car shooting death of a 16-year-old boy on a San Diego freeway nearly 20 years ago -- the second time the defendant has been sentenced for the killing.Phong Huynh, 42, was convicted in May of murder and firearm allegations for the Feb. 13, 2000, slaying of Nghia Tan Pham. Huynh was previously convicted of the killing in 2015 and sentenced to 50 years to life behind bars, but an appeals court panel overturned that conviction, leading to this year's retrial.Pham was struck in the head by one of about a half-dozen shots fired at the car he was driving on southbound Interstate 15, north of state Route 52. The case went unsolved for more than a decade until Huynh, who was living in Montana, was identified as a suspect.Both the prosecution and defense said Pham was killed in retaliation for a fight he was involved in at a San Diego pool hall, in which he inadvertently bumped a man with a pool cue while lining up a shot at a billiards table. The fight triggered another altercation days later at an area coffee shop, then the shooting of Pham, which occurred about a week after the pool hall fight.Deputy District Attorney Christopher Lawson said Huynh was friends with two men injured in the fight, while Huynh's attorney, William Nimmo, claimed his client was not present at the brawl, nor at the coffee shop.On the night of the shooting, Lawson said Huynh had a driver follow Pham as the victim drove onto the freeway, then fired on him from the front passenger seat. The prosecutor said Huynh fled to Michigan six weeks after the teen's death.The driver of the car had no idea Huynh was planning to kill Pham on the night of the shooting and declined to come forward for more than a dozen years out of fear, Lawson said, but eventually told authorities what happened after being overcome by guilt. Other witnesses also told police that Huynh bragged about committing the killing or threatened others that they might be next, Lawson said.Nimmo countered that the driver and Huynh did not like each other and he would never agree to drive Huynh in the first place, as the prosecution contended.Nimmo claimed that a pair of San Jose-area gang members were in San Diego and were on the run due to an attempted murder drive-by shooting they committed in the Bay Area. He alleged that those men lost the fight at the pool hall, and their humiliation over the altercation triggered a chain of events that led to Pham's killing.At Friday's sentencing, Nimmo requested that San Diego County Superior Court Judge Amalia L. Meza strike a 25-years-to-life gun enhancement due to Huynh's age at the time of the offense, his lack of criminal history between the shooting and his arrest, and that the gun enhancement served little purpose and doled out unnecessary punishment when other homicidal methods such as strangulation would be far more tormenting for a victim.Deputy District Attorney Christopher Lawson called the shooting "an assassination" that he described as "cold-blooded," "calculated," "pointless" and "senseless," and said Huynh displayed "a total lack of remorse" throughout the case.Meza declined to strike the enhancement, citing the terror and fear the killing caused throughout San Diego's Vietnamese community.An appellate court panel overturned Huynh's 2015 conviction on several factors, including that the defense was not allowed to postpone a portion of the trial in order to produce a key witness.The three-justice panel also ruled that Huynh should have been allowed to introduce evidence that some of the prosecution's witnesses were associated with a gang that frequented the pool hall and coffee shop. Huynh was accused of confessing to killing Pham -- an associate of some of the gang's members -- at one of the suspected gang members' homes, something his first trial lawyer characterized as "so highly improbable as to be ridiculous," according to the court's ruling.The gang evidence was not allowed to be presented at trial, as it was ruled to have no bearing on Huynh's alleged motive, but the appellate court ruled that its introduction would have allowed for "a materially different understanding of the relationships between the relevant individuals." 4287

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - An international team of scientists, led by biologists at the University of California San Diego, has synthetically engineered mosquitoes that halt the transmission of the dengue virus, the university announced Thursday.Scientists at UC San Diego Associate Professor Omar Akbari's lab worked with Vanderbilt University Medical Center to identify a human antibody for dengue suppression. The broad-spectrum antibody stops the transmission of all four known types of the fever, compared to previous experiments, which have been able to limit single strains.The team then designed the antibody "cargo" to be synthetically expressed in the dengue-spreading Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.RELATED: UC San Diego study finds solutions for loneliness"Once the female mosquito takes in blood, the antibody is activated and expressed -- that's the trigger," Akbari said. "The antibody is able to hinder the replication of the virus and prevent its dissemination throughout the mosquito, which then prevents its transmission to humans. It's a powerful approach."Akbari works in the Division of Biological Sciences and is a member of the Tata Institute for Genetics and Society.These lab-engineers mosquitoes could be paired with a dissemination system, making it capable of spreading the antibody throughout wild disease- transmitting mosquitoes, Akbari said.Dengue fever is a virus that poses a severe risk to children and older adults in tropical regions in Asia and Latin America. There are an estimated 390 million infections every year, around 500,000 of which lead to Severe Dengue, and 25,000 people die of the disease every year.RELATED: UCSD Health, San Diego Zoo Safari Park team up to save gorilla's eyesightThe Pan American Health Organization recently reported the highest number of dengue cases ever recorded in the Americas. Infecting those with compromised immune systems, dengue victims suffer flu-like symptoms, including severe fevers and rashes. Serious cases can include life-threatening bleeding. No specific treatment exists and thus, prevention and control depend on measures that stop the spread of the virus.This development could go a long way toward limiting the disease's transmission."It is fascinating that we now can transfer genes from the human immune system to confer immunity to mosquitoes," said coauthor of the paper, Dr. James Crowe, Jr., director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tenn. "This work opens up a whole new field of biotechnology possibilities to interrupt mosquito-borne diseases of man."Akbari's lab is now in the early stages of testing methods to simultaneously neutralize mosquitoes against dengue and a suite of other viruses such as Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya. 2789

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - According to research published Friday by UC San Diego School of Medicine and San Diego State University researchers, the risk of contracting COVID-19 from handling trick-or-treat candy that has been in contact with a coronavirus-positive person is minimal, but not zero.In the study published Friday in the journal mSystems, the researchers analyzed the viral load on Halloween candy handled by patients with COVID-19.SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the illness COVID-19, is primarily transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. The risk of infection by touching fomites -- objects or surfaces upon which viral particles have landed and persist -- is relatively low, according to multiple studies, even when fomites are known to have been exposed to the novel coronavirus. Nonetheless, the risk is not zero."The main takeaway is that although the risk of transmission of SARS- CoV-2 by surfaces -- including candy wrappers -- is low, it can be reduced even further by washing your hands with soap before handling the candy and washing the candy with household dishwashing detergent afterwards," said co-senior author Rob Knight, professor and director of the Center for Microbiome Innovation at UCSD."The main risk is interacting with people without masks, so if you are sharing candy, be safe by putting it in dish where you can wave from six feet away," he said.As San Diego County heads into a Halloweekend, public health officials are urging members of the public to practice COVID-19 protocols -- including avoiding large gatherings such as Halloween parties and door-to-door trick-or-treating."These activities involve face-to-face interactions with people from different households," said Dr. Wilma Wooten, the county's public health officer. "If a COVID-19 infection is detected among a participant, it will be very difficult to find and notify those who may have been exposed."These traditional Halloween celebrations are not advised, and large gatherings are not allowed under state or local health guidance. The county has reported dozens of community outbreaks in the past week.For their study, the researchers enrolled 10 recently diagnosed COVID- 19 patients who were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and asked them to handle Halloween candy under three different conditions: Normally with unwashed hands, normally with washed hands and extensive handling while deliberately coughing.The candy was then divided into two treatments -- no post-handling washing and washed with household dishwashing detergent -- followed by analyses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19 infections in people, and a second analytical platform that can conduct tests on larger samples more quickly and cheaply. Both produced similar findings.On candies not washed post-handling, researchers detected SARS-CoV-2 on 60% of the samples that had been deliberately coughed on and on 60% of the samples handled normally with unwashed hands. However, the virus was detected on only 10% of the candies handled after handwashing.The dishwashing detergent was effective for reducing the viral RNA on candies, with reducing the viral load by 62.1 percent.The researchers had also planned to test bleach, but noted that bleach sometimes leaked through some of the candy wrappers, making it unsafe for this type of cleaning use.The study authors underscored that the likely risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from candy is low, even if handled by someone with a COVID-19 infection, but it can be reduced to near-zero if the candy is handled only by people who have first washed their hands and if it is washed with household dishwashing detergent for approximately a minute after collection.Knight led the study with Forest Rohwer, viral ecologist at San Diego State University, and Dr. Louise Laurent, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine. 3937

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - A woman was injured by a hit-and-run driver early Sunday while walking on the curb line of a street in the Midway District.The victim was walking at 2:56 a.m. in the 3800 block of Camino Del Rio West when an unknown vehicle struck her and fled the scene, according to Officer S. Foster of the San Diego Police Department.She was taken to a hospital for treatment of her injuries, Foster said.The Traffic Division of the police department is investigating the hit and run. 497