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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Inside the 3D Innovations Lab at Rady Children's Hospital, the hearts, bones, skulls, and spines of patients are brought to life in a new way.Justin Ryan, Ph.D. is director of the lab. Using 3D printers, they can replicate a patient's anatomy down to every precise detail, giving doctors critical information before surgery.“The concept is by giving our doctors more information they can perform a better procedure; they can even perform it with less time. So that means less time under bypass, less time under anesthesia, which is great for the patients themselves," said Ryan.For example, if a patient is a candidate for a stent or valve, doctors could use the 3D model to try different sizes before entering the operating room. “We give them more information to plan a better procedure," said Ryan. While some of the models take several hours, many can be created within the day. “There isn’t an average day, I might have a cardiac case in the morning, an ortho case in the evening, I'll have a doctor have an idea for a medical device that they wanted to design or develop, and that all happens here," said Ryan. Ryan says the 3D models are also useful when explaining the procedure to families. The technology is currently being funded by grants and donations, at no extra cost to families. Ryan believes insurance eventually will help cover costs. 1381

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In the last week, San Diego Zoo Global has raised more than half-million dollars for Australian wildlife relief.More than 0,000 has been raised through admission sales on Sunday at San Diego Zoo and Safari Park, on-site donations, and online donations, the organization said. That money will go toward wildlife relief in Australia, as its devastating wildfire season scorches millions of acres."We are overwhelmed by the support that this initiative has received from our audiences, and inspired that so many people want to join us in saving Australian wildlife," said Paul Baribault, CEO of San Diego Zoo Global. "We know that there will be years of work to help ensure that species like koalas and platypuses can recover from the wildfires that have swept that country—and we are extremely grateful to all of the people who have joined us in our effort to help."RELATED:Here's how you can help the victims of the Australian wildfiresSan Diego Zoo Global supports koala recovery amid devastating Australia wildfiresNorth County woman crochets pouches for injured Australian animalsHigh heat and severe drought have fueled the wildfires in Australia, which are believed to have killed at least one billion animals. More than 15 million acres have been burned around the country.Researchers backed by the nonprofit organization are preparing to head to the country's Blue Mountains region to look for koala and provide any recovery. The region is home to the world's most genetically diverse koala population."The population of koalas in the Blue Mountains have high levels of genetic diversity. This makes this particular population very important for the survival of the species," said Kellie Leigh, researcher with San Diego Zoo Global.The organization is accepting donations to support the recovery here. 1837

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Like Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and many others, INOVIO Pharmaceuticals has also raced to develop a COVID-19 vaccine this year.“We’ve been working really hard to move our vaccine through the stages of clinical testing. Some things have taken a little bit longer than we hoped. I think that’s kind of always the case when you’re trying to go at great light speed,” said Dr. Kate Broderick, INOVIO Pharmaceuticals Senior VP of Research & Development based in San Diego.Broderick said with funding from the U.S. Department of Defense, the biotech company started its Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating its DNA vaccine candidate, INO-4800.The first U.S. participants received a dose of the experimental vaccine earlier this month. Approximately 400 adults in the U.S. are expected to be enrolled in the trial by the end of the month.“We hope that in the early part of 2021, we’ll be going into a really large Phase 3 trial where we’re asking the question does our vaccine protect against the disease itself,” she said.Broderick said the company hopes to enroll about 6,000 participants initially in its Phase 3 trial once they get the green light to begin.A press release from the company last week stated that “The Phase 3 segment of the INNOVATE remains on partial clinical hold until INOVIO satisfactorily resolves the FDA’s remaining questions related to the CELLECTRA 2000 device that will be used to deliver INO-4800 into the cells of the skin.”Earlier data released from Pfizer and Moderna’s studies showing high vaccine efficacy was positive news for INOVIO.“We feel that we’re in a really good place. There’s eight billion people on the planet, and we’re certainly going to need quite a few different types of vaccines to ensure everybody is protected,” she said. “The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are RNA vaccines; ours is DNA vaccine”Broderick said one significant benefit of INOVIO’S DNA vaccine candidate is it doesn’t have to be stored in low-temperature freezers, making it easier to ship out worldwide if approved.“In fact, we can keep it at room temperature, sitting on a desk somewhere for a year with no impact,” she said.INOVIO is projecting to have 100 million doses of its vaccine ready in 2021.“With these vaccines being approved, there is definitely an end in sight, but don’t let your guard down too fast,” she said. “Unfortunately, until everyone in the country gets vaccinated, we will still have to adhere to those kinds of annoying things, wearing masks, socially distancing. I know it’s frustrating, especially before the holidays, but just keep yourself safe and the people you love safe.” 2648

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — It's always a good time to check on supplies and make sure you and your family are prepared for an earthquake.The County of San Diego recommends seven simple steps for earthquake safety:Fix potential hazards, like areas of your home that could pose a danger during an earthquake;Create a disaster plan with your family. The county's tips on how to handle a disaster here;Create a disaster supplies kit. The county also has tips on what to pack here;Fix your building's potential weaknesses;During earthquakes and aftershocks: Drop, Cover, and Hold-On;After the earthquake, check for injuries and damage; andWhen safe, continue to follow your disaster planSan Diego County recommends packing enough water, food, and supplies to last each member of the family at least three days. They also recommend that families practice their disaster plan so they're ready when an emergency happens.When an earthquake does happen, families should drop, find cover under something sturdy, and hold on to that cover. If there isn't anything sturdy, find an interior wall that is not near any heavy furniture or glass, scoot down and cover your head.If outside, find an open area away from buildings, trees, or anything overhead such as utility wires, sit down, and cover your head.While San Diego County has sparse earthquake activity compared to the rest of the state, one big enough can send tremors into our region.Residents can also sing up for AlertSanDiego mobile alerts from the county. Residents can also dial 2-1-1 for emergency updates. 1557

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Infectious disease experts say it may take months before the first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine reach an important population: kids.Some doctors worry it may already be too late to get a vaccine authorized for younger kids before the start of the next school year because of the time it takes to recruit children and conduct a new round of clinical trials.“Our children under 12 years of age are almost certainly going into next school year without a vaccine option available for them,” said Dr. Evan Anderson, a pediatrician at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and associate professor at Emory University.Dr. Anderson said such a delay could further impact school reopenings and have resulting consequences on children’s mental health, among other concerns. He said the window is rapidly closing to get a vaccine authorized in time for children older than 12 unless more trials begin immediately.In October, Pfizer tested its vaccine candidate for the first time in 100 kids aged 12 to 15. Moderna is expected to begin testing in that age group in January, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. However, neither company has announced plans to begin testing their candidates in children under 12.That’s concerning to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been calling on vaccine-makers to include children in clinical trials since September. The AAP argues immunization is critical to stemming the pandemic.“We know that children can be infected with COVID-19 and can transmit it to others. To reduce the spread of this virus and control the pandemic as well as for their own safety, it’s crucial that children be included in the national vaccination program, and that vaccines are made available to children as soon as possible,” said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chair of the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases, in another push last month.Although COVID-19 takes a more severe toll on older adults, children make up about 12 percent of the infections in the U.S. and recent studies have shown kids over 10 years old can transmit disease as efficiently as adults, the AAP noted.More than 1.3 million kids had been infected with COVID-19 as of Nov. 26.Experts say it’s important that drug companies test COVID-19 vaccines in children separately from adults.“Kids' immune systems are really different than adults. As any pediatrician will tell you, kids are not just small adults, their immune systems behave really differently,” said Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego.Dr. Ramers said testing is needed to find the right vaccine dose for kids and see if there are any unexpected side effects.But there are challenging logistics in any pediatric trial. Since children’s immune systems change as they grow, vaccine-makers have to separate their trials into several age groups. That means more child volunteers are needed.“I mean it's more challenging, as an investigator myself for research, to enroll a kid into a study because you have to get permission [from parents],” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.Because parents have to sign off, experts say it can take much longer to enroll enough kids for a study.In a statement to ABC 10News, Pfizer said it is “working actively with regulators on a potential pediatric study plan.”“As we do with all vaccines which are initially studied in adult populations, we are following a careful, stepwise approach as we move down to younger age groups,” said Jerica Pitts, Pfizer’s director of global media relations.“Global regulatory agencies require evaluation of the candidate vaccine in pediatric populations. Moving below 12 years of age will require a new study and potentially a modified formulation or dosing schedule,” she added.Could a vaccine become mandatory at schools?Once a vaccine is approved for kids, a lot of parents are wondering if and when it might become mandatory at California schools.The California Department of Public Health told ABC 10News several things would need to be in place before it would consider making a vaccine mandatory at either schools or child care facilities.The vaccine would need to reviewed and approved by the FDA and recommended for use in children by the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The state would also look for a recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and there would need to be "sufficient vaccine supply to enable access for all children."READ MORE: Will California make the COVID vaccine mandatory at schools? 4602