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BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- China started to run its own satellite positioning system, Beidou, on Tuesday as the country climbed the global tech ladder and challenged the monopoly of the West. Beidou, or Big Dipper, the domestic version of the US Global Positioning System (GPS), started providing navigation, positioning and timing data on a pilot basis to China and the neighboring area for free on Tuesday, Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation Office, said. The system, with 10 orbiting satellites, covers an area from Australia in the south to Russia in the north. Signals can reach the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the east, Ran said. With six more satellites to be launched next year, the system will cover a wider area and eventually the entire globe by 2020 with a constellation of 35 satellites, he said. The accuracy of the positioning service will also improve as more satellites orbit. During the trial run Beidou can offer positioning to within 25 meters but when the system is officially launched next year accuracy will be enhanced to within 10 meters, he said. With the system operational China is the third member of an elite group, along with the US and Russia, to develop a satellite navigation system. The US spent 20 years and more than billion on the GPS. Completed in 1994, the system has 24 navigation satellites and is widely used around the world. Beidou has its own unique features, Ran said. "It not only tells users where they are and what time it is but also allows users to tell others the information through short messages," Ran said, adding that this feature is being considered by other systems. Russia's Glonass system achieved a 24-satellite constellation in 1996 but succumbed to funding problems. The rebuilding of the Glonass system is almost finished and Russian media reported that the system resumed service earlier this month. The European Union and the European Space Agency are building the Galileo satellite navigation system. Japan and India also intend to build independent regional navigation systems. "Countries build their own systems because owning an independent satellite navigation system is important to economic development and national security," said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication Space International. There have long been concerns that the US might take its dominant GPS offline in certain international emergencies. Ran said that the Beidou system will be "helpful" to national defense. An "independent and controllable" satellite navigation system can guarantee national economic development as well as scientific and industrial strength, he said. China started to reduce its reliance on the GPS in 2000, when it sent an experimental pair of positioning satellites into orbit. But Ran stressed that Beidou is "built for the world", as the compatibility of various systems enhances reliability for users. "If you only use GPS there will be blind spots. But from demonstrations I saw recently, receivers that are compatible with Beidou will overcome these problems," he said. He encouraged enterprises at home and abroad to join the research and development of application terminals compatible with Beidou. The office put a test version of the system's Interface Control Document online on Tuesday, which is a technical document vital for the manufacturing and development of receivers and chips. The prospects for the country's satellite navigation industry look bright, experts said. Analysts estimated that around 2020 the industry's output will reach 0 billion globally, including 400 billion yuan ( billion) to 500 billion yuan from China. According to the 2011 Report on Application of Geosaptial Information in China released on Monday, the number of satellite navigation application terminals in China has grown from less than 100,000 in 2000 to more than 10 million in 2009. The number is expected to reach 340 million by 2015. An insider said a compatible receiver for car use costs 1,600 yuan to 3,000 yuan, higher than a GPS receiver. "Chips supporting both GPS and Beidou systems have been developed, and terminals have been produced. There are no technical hurdles for the industry," said Han Shaowei, CEO of Beijing-based Unicore Communications Inc, a major navigation chip and core component provider. Beidou application terminals have been put into use in vehicles, such as government cars in Guangdong province. Ran said that private terminal makers in Guangdong are testing their receivers on the road, and the products seem stable. "The price of the compatible terminals is expected to be slashed next year," he said.

ISLAMABAD, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- President Asif Ali Zardari said on Saturday that the government was committed to address the issues of special people including those afflicted with impaired vision and blindness and called for establishing highest standards for their care.In a message on the International White Cane Safety Day, the President asked the people and relevant government agencies to reflect on the problems of visually handicapped people.He asked them to come up with suggestions to achieve high standards in caring for the disabled as these exist in other civilized nations.The White Cane Safety Day was aimed at creating awareness about the problems and requirements of visually handicapped persons and to take practical steps to address these issues. Enditem

JINAN, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese scientists have made a breakthrough that could lead to more effective treatments for leprosy.A team from Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology in east China has identified two new risk variants near IL23R and RAB 32 genes that are responsible for the disease, according to a report published online Monday in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.Knowing that the two gene variants influence susceptibility to leprosy could allow doctors to diagnose the disease in sufferers earlier in its outset, as well as to develop new treatments. A genetic database could now be built up to predict those people particularly susceptible to leprosy, said Zhang Furen, the leader of the research team.The study involved more than 10,000 samples being taken from leprosy sufferers and healthy test subjects and analysed.Leprosy is a chronic nerve-killing disease that leads to problems with patients' skin, feet, hands, legs and eyes. More than 200,000 newly-contracted leprosy cases are reported worldwide every year, and China has around one tenth of the world's sufferers. 

WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Kepler mission has confirmed its first planet in the "habitable zone," a region where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface, the U.S. space agency announced on Monday.The newly-confirmed planet, Kepler-22b, is the smallest yet found to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a star similar to Sun. The planet is about 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Scientists don't yet know if Kepler-22b has a predominantly rocky, gaseous or liquid composition, but its discovery is a step closer to finding Earth-like planets.Previous research hinted at the existence of near-Earth-size planets in habitable zones, but clear confirmation proved elusive. Two other small planets orbiting stars smaller and cooler than Sun recently were confirmed on the very edges of the habitable zone, with orbits more closely resembling those of Venus and Mars.Kepler-22's star is a bit smaller than our sun, so its habitable zone is slightly closer in. The diagram shows an artist's rendering of the planet comfortably orbiting within the habitable zone, similar to where Earth circles the sun. Kepler-22b has a yearly orbit of 289 days. The planet is the smallest known to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a sun-like star. It's about 2.4 times the size of Earth."This is a major milestone on the road to finding Earth's twin, " said Douglas Hudgins, Kepler program scientist at the NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Kepler's results continue to demonstrate the importance of NASA's science missions, which aim to answer some of the biggest questions about our place in the universe."Kepler discovers planets and planet candidates by measuring dips in the brightness of more than 150,000 stars to search for planets that cross in front, or "transit," the stars. Kepler requires at least three transits to verify a signal as a planet."Fortune smiled upon us with the detection of this planet," said William Borucki, Kepler principal investigator at the NASA Ames Research Center who led the team that discovered Kepler-22b. "The first transit was captured just three days after we declared the spacecraft operationally ready. We witnessed the defining third transit over the 2010 holiday season."The Kepler science team uses ground-based telescopes and the Spitzer Space Telescope to review observations on planet candidates the spacecraft finds. The star field that Kepler observes in the constellations Cygnus and Lyra can only be seen from ground-based observatories in spring through early fall. The data from these other observations help determine which candidates can be validated as planets.Kepler-22b is located 600 light years away. While the planet is larger than Earth, its orbit of 290 days around a Sun-like star resembles that of Earth. The planet's host star belongs to the same class as Sun, called G-type, although it is slightly smaller and cooler.Of the 54 habitable-zone planet candidates reported in February 2011, Kepler-22b is the first to be confirmed. This finding will be published in The Astrophysical Journal.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- The use of two drugs never tried in combination before in ovarian cancer resulted in a 70 percent destruction of cancer cells already resistant to commonly used chemotherapy agents, say researchers at Mayo Clinic in Florida.Their report, published on-line Wednesday in Gynecologic Oncology, suggests that this combination, ixabepilone and sunitinib, might offer a much needed treatment option for women with advanced ovarian cancer.Neither drug is approved for use in ovarian cancer. Ixabepilone is a chemotherapy drug that, like other taxane drugs, targets the microtubules and stops dividing cells from forming a spindle. It has been approved for use in metastatic breast cancer. Sunitinib, approved for use in kidney cancer, belongs to a class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that stops growth signals from reaching inside cancer cells.When caught at late stages, ovarian cancer is often fatal because it progressively stops responding to the chemotherapy drugs used to treat it."Women die from ovarian cancer because their tumors become resistant to chemotherapy, so a drug that might be able to reduce that resistance -- which may be what this combination of agents is doing -- would be a boon to treatment of this difficult cancer," says study coauthor Gerardo Colon-Otero.The finding also highlights the importance of the role of a molecule, RhoB, that the researchers say is activated by the drug duo. It might be a potential biomarker that may help identify patients who might benefit from such combination therapy, the researchers say.