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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

BEIJING, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Thursday marked the welcoming of the Chinese Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival. Celebrations for the Year 2011, also Year of the Rabbit, have been held all over the world, making the Chinese New Year a brilliant symbol in the world's culture.The Chinese New Year is a good opportunity for China and the world to get closer and enhance their friendship. The celebrations also provided a precious occasion for people outside China to feel the unique charm of Chinese culture.In New York, the iconic Empire State building was illuminated in red and gold to mark the Chinese New Year.Chinese handicrafts including festive lanterns, florid Spring Festival paintings and red paper-cut were displayed in the windows on the first floor of the iconic 1,454-foot tall building.Martin Corie, a local resident, said the sea of redness and the strong festival flavor made him feel like being in China.In Paris, a colorful parade featuring music and dancing in the 13th arrondissement in the southern part of the city, attracts more than 100,000 people each year.On Wednesday night, or Lunar New Year's Eve, a special program featuring Chinese folk music was broadcast by the national Radio France.In Cairo, a cultural temple fair was held in Al-Azhar Park. Local visitors were greatly attracted by performances of the Chinese Suona horn (a woodwind instrument) and Chinese traditional art "shadow play." They also enjoyed Chinese embroidering and the practice of the traditional Chinese medical science.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 5 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc.'s iPad 2 has topped the ratings by Consumer Reports, an influential U.S. magazine for product reviews, in the latest tests of the 10 most- promising tablet computers.According to the ratings released on Tuesday, the Apple iPad 2 with Wi-Fi plus 3G (32G), which is priced at 730 U.S. dollars, topped the ratings, scoring "excellent" in nearly every category.Besides several models from Apple, other brands tested include Archos, Dell, Motorola, Samsung and Viewsonic. Each tablet was evaluated on 17 criteria, including touch-screen responsiveness, versatility, portability, screen glare and ease of use."So far, Apple is leading the tablet market in both quality and price, which is unusual for a company whose products are usually premium priced," Paul Reynolds, electronics editor at Consumer Reports, said in a statement.The Motorola Xoom, whose price is 800 dollars, stood out as the iPad 2's main rival. It boasts several features that the iPad lacks, including a built-in memory card reader and support for the Flash videos.The first-generation iPad, priced at 580 dollars, also outscored many of the other models tested but tied with the Motorola Xoom, according to tests by Consumer Reports.

BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- Lending to China's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) rose faster than loans to large enterprises last year, according to the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank.Outstanding loans to small enterprises by banks and financial institutions jumped 29.3 percent year on year to 7.55 trillion yuan (1.15 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2010, while loans to medium-sized enterprises stood at 10.13 trillion yuan, up 17.8 percent, said the PBOC.Outstanding loans to large enterprises rose 13.3 percent to 13.42 trillion yuan, highlighting the government's efforts to optimize the loan structure, the PBOC said.About 99 percent of Chinese enterprises are SMEs which contribute 60 percent of the country's gross domestic product.Financing has long been difficult for Chinese SMEs as banks prefer to lend to big companies, particularly reputable state-owned enterprises.The government has moved to help SMEs get finance by differentiating the reserve requirement ratio for the Rural Credit Cooperative, the major lender to SMEs, and encouraging innovation in SME bond issuance.In July last year, the PBOC asked financial institutions to establish independent criteria for approving loans to SMEs and to improve efficiency in processing SME loan applications.The PBOC said SME loan growth would continue to accelerate this year.

BEIJING, Feb. 12 (Xinhua)-- China said late Saturday that members of the United Nations should work for a broadly-based consensus on the reform of the UN Security Council.Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu made the remarks in response to a relevant question.Media reports had it that a recently-released declaration by some countries said most of UN member nations supported enlarging the council with new permanent and non-permanent members, and insisted tangible results be achieved in this regard during the Current Session of the UN General Assembly.Ma said China held that UN member nations should seek for a package of solutions for the reform, on the basis of broad and democratic consultation among member nations to accommodate interests and concerns of all parties.He said though some positive progress had been made since inter-government negotiations regarding the reform of the UN Security Council were launched, there were still serious differences within all parties over certain important issues about the reform.China advocated that the more differences the member countries had on the reform, the more necessary for UN member nations to enhance dialogue and consultation, he said."Experience has proven that presetting results for the reform or forcing premature reform plans will not only undermine the unity of UN member nations, but also harm the reform process, which will not be in line with any party's interests," he said.China is ready to maintain contact with all relevant parties, and make joint efforts with other member nations to push forward the reform in a way which can be conducive to safeguarding the overall interests of UN and the unity of the member nations, said Ma.

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