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LOS ANGELES, May 12 (Xinhua) -- A subsurface ocean of molten or partially molten magma exists beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday."The finding heralds the first direct confirmation of this kind of magma layer at Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system," JPL said in a press release posted on its website.The finding was based on new data analysis from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, said JPL.The research was conducted by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz;, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The study is published this week in the journal Science, JPL said."Scientists are excited we finally understand where Io's magma is coming from and have an explanation for some of the mysterious signatures we saw in some of the Galileo's magnetic field data," said Krishan Khurana, lead author of the study and former co- investigator on Galileo's magnetometer team at UCLA."It turns out Io was continually giving off a 'sounding signal' in Jupiter's rotating magnetic field that matched what would be expected from molten or partially molten rocks deep beneath the surface."Io produces about 100 times more lava each year than all the volcanoes on Earth, according to data released by JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.While Earth's volcanoes occur in localized hotspots like the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean, Io's volcanoes are distributed all over its surface, JPL said, adding that a global magma ocean about 30 to 50 km beneath Io's crust helps explain the moon's activity."It has been suggested that both the Earth and its moon may have had similar magma oceans billions of years ago at the time of their formation, but they have long since cooled," said Torrence Johnson, a former Galileo project scientist based at JPL, an affiliation with NASA."Io's volcanism informs us how volcanoes work and provides a window in time to styles of volcanic activity that may have occurred on the Earth and moon during their earliest history," said Johnson, who was not directly involved in the study.NASA's Voyager spacecraft discovered Io's volcanoes in 1979, making that moon the only body in the solar system other than Earth known to have active magma volcanoes. The energy for the volcanic activity comes from the squeezing and stretching of the moon by Jupiter's gravity as Io orbits the largest planet in the solar system.Galileo was launched in 1989 and began orbiting Jupiter in 1995. Unexplained signatures appeared in magnetic field data from Galileo flybys of Io in October 1999 and February 2000. After a successful mission, the spacecraft was intentionally sent into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2003.

WASHINGTON, May 27 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts conducted the fourth and final scheduled spacewalks for space shuttle Endeavour 's STS-134 mission on Friday morning, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced.The seven-hour, 24-minute spacewalk completed by Mike Fincke and Greg Chamitoff at 7:39 a.m. EDT (1139 GMT) was the final spacewalk conducted by space shuttle astronauts before NASA turns over Endeavour and sister ships Discovery and Atlantis to museums. Space station crew will continue to make spacewalks for maintenance and repair tasks.At 5:02 a.m. (0902 GMT), Fincke and Chamitoff surpassed the 1, 000th hour astronauts and cosmonauts have spent spacewalking in support of space station assembly and maintenance. The milestone occurred four hours and 47 minutes into the spacewalk, the 159th in support of station assembly and maintenance, totaling 1,002 hours, 37 minutes.The astronauts completed their mission to stow the 50-foot-long boom on the station truss and work on some new installations to extend the space station's robotic arm. After that, shuttle commander Mark Kelly called Mission Control in Houston to mark the milestone -- after 12 years of efforts."Space station assembly is complete," Kelly said.It was the 248th spacewalk U.S. astronauts have conducted and the 118th from space station airlocks. Landing is scheduled for 2: 32 a.m. EDT (0632 GMT) on Wednesday at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Shuttle Atlantis is targeted to launch on July 8 for space shuttle's final flight.Endeavour lifted off on May 16 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to deliver to the International Space Station a 2-billion- dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

SAN FRANCISCO, May 4 (Xinhua) -- Intel Corp. on Wednesday announced that it will mass-manufacture chips using new transistors featuring a three-dimensional (3-D) structure, calling it a technical breakthrough in microprocessors.The 3-D transistor, called Tri-Gate, represents a fundamental departure from the two-dimensional planar transistor structure that has powered computers, mobile phones and other modern electronics, Intel said."Intel's scientists and engineers have once again reinvented the transistor, this time utilizing the third dimension," Paul Otellini, Intel's chief executive officer, said in a statement.Intel on Wednesday also demonstrated a 22-nanometer (nm) microprocessor, codenamed "Ivy Bridge," which will be the first high-volume chips to use the new 3-D transistors.Ivy Bridge is scheduled for high-volume production readiness by the end of this year, the company said.According to Intel, the 3-D transistors enable chips to operate at lower voltage with lower leakage compared to previous transistors, providing up to 37 percent performance increase at low voltage versus the company's 32nm planar transistors.The gain means that the new 3-D transistors are ideal for use in small handheld devices, which operate using less energy to " switch" back and forth, Intel noted.

BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua) -- Many children in the U.S. live in poverty and their physical and mental health is not ensured as nearly one in four children struggles with hunger, according to a report on the U.S. human rights record released by China on Sunday.The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2010 was released by the Information Office of China's State Council in response to the country reports on Human Rights Practices for 2010 issued by the U.S. Department of State.The poverty rate increased for children younger than 18 to 20.7 percent in 2009, up 1.7 percentage points from that in 2008, the report quoted figures from the U.S. Census Bureau as saying.The report pointed out that violence against children is very severe in the country, citing figures from the official website of Love Our Children USA that every year over three million children are victims of violence reportedly and the actual number is three times greater.More than 93,000 children are currently incarcerated in the United States, and between 75 and 93 percent of children have experienced at least one traumatic experience, including sexual abuse and neglect, the report said.According to the report, pornographic content is rampant on the Internet and severely harms American children as seven in 10 children have accidentally accessed pornography on the Internet and one in three has done so intentionally.

BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- A senior official of the ruling Forces pour la Defense de la Democratie (FDD) of Burundi said Tuesday the FDD hopes to strengthen cooperation with the Communist Party of China (CPC) and to further enhance the "brotherly friendship" with the CPC.Mohamed Rukara, vice president of the Council of Elders, the top decision-making body of the FDD, said in an interview with Xinhua that there are a lot of ruling experiences of CPC that the FDD can learn from.He said the CPC has gained great achievements in China's reform and opening up, realizing sustainable development, developing science and technology and striking corruption.He said Burundi has set "sustainable development" as the slogan for the 2010-2015 period, and he believed that his country can learn from China's successful experiences of reform and opening up and realize the goal of shaking off poverty by 2020-2025.Rukara, who is also a ombudsman, said corruption has been a big challenge facing his country, and he believed the FDD can learn from the CPC in this regard, as the latter has been combating corruption very hard and effectively.Appreciating China's aid and contribution to the development of Burundi, Rukara said the two parties and the two countries have had very good relations based on mutual respect.He welcomed more Chinese enterprises to invest in Burundi to support its development, and "the door will always be open to our brother."At the invitation of the CPC, Rukara is heading an FDD delegation for a visit to China starting from Saturday.

来源：资阳报