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The first experimental COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. is on track to begin a huge study next month to prove if it really can fend off the coronavirus, while hard-hit Brazil is testing a different shot from China.Where to do crucial, late-stage testing and how many volunteers are needed to roll up their sleeves are big worries for health officials as the virus spread starts tapering off in parts of the world.Moderna Inc. said Thursday the vaccine it is developing with the National Institutes of Health will be tested in 30,000 people in the U.S. Some will get the real shot and some a dummy shot, as scientists carefully compare which group winds up with the most infections.With far fewer COVID-19 cases in China, Sinovac Biotech turned to Brazil, the epicenter of Latin America’s outbreak, for at least part of its final testing. The government of S?o Paulo announced Thursday that Sinovac will ship enough of its experimental vaccine to test in 9,000 Brazilians starting next month.If it works, “with this vaccine we will be able to immunize millions of Brazilians,” said S?o Paulo′s Gov. Joao Doria.Worldwide, about a dozen COVID-19 potential vaccines are in early stages of testing. The NIH expects to help several additional shots move into those final, large-scale studies this summer, including one made by Oxford University that’s also being tested in a few thousand volunteers in Brazil.There’s no guarantee any of the experimental shots will pan out.But if all goes well, “there will be potential to get answers” on which vaccines work by the end of the year, Dr. John Mascola, who directs NIH’s vaccine research center, told a meeting of the National Academy of Medicine on Wednesday.Vaccines train the body to recognize a virus and fight back, and specialists say it’s vital to test shots made in different ways — to increase the odds that at least one kind will work.Sinovac’s vaccine is made by growing the coronavirus in a lab and then killing it. So-called “whole inactivated” vaccines are tried-and-true, used for decades to make shots against polio, flu and other diseases — giving the body a sneak peek at the germ itself — but growing the virus is difficult and requires lab precautions.The vaccine made by the NIH and Moderna contains no actual virus. Those shots contain the genetic code for the aptly named “spike” protein that coats the surface of the coronavirus. The body’s cells use that code to make some harmless spike protein that the immune system reacts to, ready if it later encounters the real thing. The so-called mRNA vaccine is easier to make, but it’s a new and unproven technology.Neither company has yet published results of how their shots fared in smaller, earlier-stage studies, designed to check for serious side effects and how well people’s immune systems respond to different doses.Even before proof that any potential vaccine will work, companies and governments are beginning to stockpile millions of doses so they can be ready to start vaccinating as soon as answers arrive.In the U.S., a program called “Operation Warp Speed” aims to have 300 million doses on hand by January. Under Brazil’s agreement with Sinovac, the Instituto Butantan will learn to produce the Chinese shot.___AP journalist Marcelo Silva de Sousa contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3499

The Columbus Police Department says it is preparing for demonstrations this weekend after a law enforcement officer shot and killed a man as he entered his own home earlier this month.Casey Goodson, 23, was shot and killed by a Franklin County sheriff's deputy on Dec. 4. Goodson's family says he did not have a criminal record and says it's unclear what crime he could have committed prior to the shooting.Goodson's family and law enforcement authorities have given conflicting reports as to what happened since the day of the shooting. Goodson's grandmother, Sharon Payne, told a 911 dispatcher on the day of the shooting that Goodson had just returned from the dentist when she heard gunfire. She said Goodson then stumbled into the kitchen, bleeding and carrying a Subway sandwich that he had bought on the way home.But according to law enforcement, Franklin County Sheriff's Deputy Jason Meade — who at the time was working for a U.S. Marshal task force that was seeking another suspect — saw Goodson drive by and flash a gun. Police say Meade later confronted Goodson near his car and asked him to drop his weapon. When Goodson refused, Meade fired.Attorneys for Goodson's family say law enforcement's account of the incident omits "key details that raise cause for extreme concern" and allege that police mistook Goodson's sandwich for a gun.Despite law enforcement's claims that Goodson was armed as he drove by officers, they have not said if he was armed at the time the shooting took place. Goodson's family says that he was legally licensed to carry a concealed weapon.There is no video recording of the shooting on file, as Franklin County does not require police to wear body cameras, and its SWAT vehicles are not equipped with dashboard cameras.On Friday, Columbus Police Chief Tom Quinlan said he expects protests to take place throughout the city over the weekend."I hear the cries for this community. I hear your demands for answers, for accountability, for justice ... we understand the issues driving people to gather and speak out," he said. 2071

The Democratic National Convention gets underway this week. Republicans will hold their convention next week. While this year's convention is virtual for both parties, have you asked yourself what's the point of these anyway?CONVENTIONS YEARS AGO WERE DIFFERENT Americans have known for months that Joe Biden is going to be the Democratic nominee and that Donald Trump would be the Republican nominee. However, before political parties started relying on primaries, conventions were the place the nominee was decided.In 1856, it took Abraham Lincoln three rounds of voting to become the Republican nominee. In 1924, Democrats needed 103 ballots over 16 days to pick John Davis as their party nominee.CONVENTIONS PURPOSE In 1948, networks began televising conventions and since then, many argue conventions have become taxpayer-funded spectacles for insiders. While taxpayers are no longer directly funding conventions, they are paying for security. In 2016, it was estimated that around 0 million of taxpayer funds were spent on convention security. 1952 was the last year both political parties had a contested convention; however, party insiders believe conventions still play a pivotal role. Conventions are where networking can take place and where delegates can debate the party platform. It's also a place where training sessions can occur and speeches can take place. Could Barack Obama have become president in 2008 without his speech at the 2004 convention? Sure, it's possible, but that speech was credited with making the Illinois state senator a household name. WILL 2020 CHANGE CONVENTIONS? With the events now online, after these next two weeks, both parties will likely sit down and see if in-person conventions need to be changed at all. Do parties need a full week of expensive arena space? Or would that money be better spent on staffing in swing states? Will Americans tune in like they did in 2016 this year? These are just some of the questions that will be asked following the conventions. 2023

The Dow Jones Industrial Average continued its volatile run on Monday, closing down 200 points. At one point during the day, the index was about 350 points above its previous close.Struggling tech stocks and fears about trade tariffs have led to selling sprees in the past month. The market is down about 2,000 points from where it opened in October.More on this as it develops. 391

The elections board in Florida's Miami-Dade County has collected a set of mysterious ballots in the Opa-locka mail facility after Democrats raised concern about the uncounted votes.The uncounted ballots have emerged as one of many battles over the fiercely contested Florida elections that moved this weekend into a recount phase.Suzy Trutie, a spokesperson for the county's supervisor of elections, told CNN there were 266 ballots in the shipment and that the votes will not be counted. Florida law requires all ballots sent by mail to arrive at the election facility by 7 p.m. on Election Day, and these ballots did not meet that standard, Trutie said.The US Postal Service said in a statement on Friday that it was operating in "close coordination and partnerships with election officials at the local, county and state levels." But as of Sunday morning, it still did not confirm ballots had not been provided in time to local election officials. 957