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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's aviation authorities announced on Tuesday that more passengers traveled by air during the Spring Festival holidays, with Chinese airlines handling some 5.07 million passengers during the period.The number of passengers on flights during the Chinese Lunar New Year holidays, which ended Tuesday, was up 6 percent from the same period last year, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC).On average, 72 percent of the seats on flights across the country were loaded during the holiday travel season, up 2 percentage points from the same period last year, according to the CAAC.To prepare for the holiday travel surge, the CAAC arranged 38,992 flights during the holidays, including eight chartered flights to Egypt to fly home 1,796 Chinese travelers stranded amid massive protests in the African country.

JAKARTA, April 27 (Xinhua) -- Marine scientists will begin conducting an ecological survey in eight locations throughout the resort island in Indonesia's Bali province that could be developed as marine managed areas due to their biodiversity and coral structure, the Jakarta Post quoted an expert as saying on Wednesday.The survey, which will take place from April 29 to May 11, will be carried out by four international scientists and local scientists from universities.Ketut Sarjana Putra, the marine program director with Conservation International Indonesia, said Tuesday the survey was aimed at identifying marine species and their population in each of the eight locations.Selected from 25 potential marine conservation zones, the eight locations are Pulaki and Pemuteran, Lovina, Les Village, Tulamben and Amed, Padangbai, Nusa Penida, Bukit Uluwatu Peninsula and Perancak Beach. "We will go around Bali, starting from Sanur in the south, heading east, then covering the northern and the western areas, then back to the south," Ketut told the daily.The survey is part of a process to build a network of marine protected areas to effectively manage the island's marine and coastal resources to sustain environmental and socioeconomic value and benefits, with priority given to the eight locations.

HEFEI, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has visited farmers and workers in Dabieshan Mountain area, an old revolutionary base in east China's Anhui Province, to extend new year greetings ahead of the Spring Festival, which falls on Thursday.On Tuesday, Wen went to the area's Jinzhai County, once an important Red Army revolutionary base, to learn about the local economic and social development situation.He visited Zhaoyuan Village and called in on farmer Zhao Mengqi. Wen chatted with Zhao, asking about his family's income and their preparations for the lunar new year.Zhao works as a migrant worker in Wujiang City, an economically-developed part of Jiangsu Province. His son and daughter-in-law work in Shanghai. They returned home on the eve of the Spring Festival."With the income we earn working in cities and what we earn growing crops, our family income has increased and we have rebuilt and renovated our house," Zhao told Premier Wen. A paved road now allows buses to reach the village, Zhao added.Wen said, "Only when the people living in old revolutionary bases live better lives can we feel relieved."At farmer Zhao Kongying's home, Wen joined the family in making "yuanzi," a glutinous rice ball traditionally eaten during the Spring Festival.Wen later went to Hetang Village. There he visited villager Yu Shuhua's home and urged the local government to provide more help to needy people to ensure they have a happy lunar new year.At dinner time, he went to villager Zhang Jiasheng's home, joining the family to prepare dinner. He wore an apron and made a soup for the family.During the dinner, Zhang told Wen the village is rich with chestnuts, tea and traditional Chinese medicine, adding that tourism is also a source of income for the village.Wen said help and support for the old revolutionary base should be boosted, so that local people can lead happier lives.Wen also extended new year greetings to workers at the Meishan hydropower station in Jinzhai County.At retired worker Wan Benrong's home, Wen asked about the family's living conditions and their preparations for the lunar new year.After being told the couple received an extra 140 yuan each of monthly pension this year, Wen said the government has increased the basic pension for retired workers seven times since 2005."Our objective is to make you feel secure," Wen said.

LOS ANGELES, March 4 (Xinhua) -- The California Department of Public Health on Friday announced a recall of hazelnuts which might be contaminated by E. coli bacteria.The department said it ordered the recall after seven people fell sick with E. coli bacteria from eating tainted hazelnuts.The seven illnesses include one in Michigan, three in Minnesota and three in Wisconsin, said Dr. Howard Backer, interim director of the department.The hazelnuts were distributed by DeFranco & Sons, a Los Angeles company, said the department.After being notified of the contamination, the company is voluntarily recalling the nuts, the department said.The hazelnuts affected by the recall were sold under the brand names Sunripe, George Packing, Firestone Farms and Northwest Hazelnut and were distributed nationwide from Nov. 2 to Dec. 22, according to the department.The 50-pound bags of hazelnuts and mixed nuts with hazelnuts may have been repacked or sold from bulk containers, the department said, adding people who had bought the hazelnuts should not eat them.Consumers should check with retailers to determine if their nuts are subject to the recall, and if they are, should discard them, the department added.People who develop symptoms after consuming hazelnuts should seek immediate medical attention, the department suggested.E. coli may cause symptoms that include bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps and dehydration. In extreme cases, patients can suffer potentially life-threatening complication known as hemolytic uremic syndrome, which includes kidney failure.Young children and the elderly are the most vulnerable to the risk.